Immunohistochemical Analysis of Paraoxonases and Chemokines in Arteries of Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
Parameter | Control (n = 8) | PAD (n = 66) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Clinical characteristics | |||
Age, years | 66 (30–76) | 70 (62–77) | 0.223 |
Male, n (%) | 5 (62.5) | 55 (85.9) | 0.094 |
Smokers, n (%) | 1 (14.3) | 16 (31.4) | 0.048 |
Complete blood count | |||
Red blood cells, ×1012/L | 4.32 (3.18–4.47) | 3.67 (3.14–4.24) | 0.449 |
Hemoglobin, g/dL | 12.46 (9.99–13.28) | 10.85 (9.45–12.93) | 0.468 |
Leukocytes, ×109/L | 9.22 (8.58–10.17) | 9.89 (7.44–12.20) | 0.668 |
Platelets, ×109/L | 227.5 (163.7–246.2) | 312.5 (199.0–419.0) | 0.080 |
Biochemical variables in serum or plasma | |||
Glucose, mmol/L | 5.77 (5.11–6.77) | 6.38 (5.11–8.83) | 0.406 |
Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 4.77 (3.87–6.39) | 3.39 (2.90–4.47) | 0.030 |
HDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 1.24 (0.98–1.40) | 0.93 (0.83–1.20) | 0.074 |
LDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 3.54 (3.11–4.42) | 1.95 (1.68–2.69) | 0.001 |
Triglycerides, mmol/L | 1.47 (1.13–2.15) | 1.31 (1.00–1.87) | 0.449 |
Fibrinogen, g/L | 5.51 (4.48–7.54) | 6.96 (5.34–8.11) | 0.237 |
C-reactive protein, mg/L | 6.1 (0.6–7.2) | 8.1 (2.7–16.0) | 0.147 |
Total proteins, g/L | 65 (55–68) | 60 (55–69) | 0.743 |
CCL2, ng/L | 373.4 (255.2–431.8) | 622.8 (472.7–898.4) | <0.001 |
PON1, mg/L | 75.4 (56.7–143.8) | 25.2 (18.4–35.8) | <0.001 |
PON3, mg/L | 1.95 (1.51–2.50) | 1.73 (1.43–2.27) | 0.490 |
8-Isoprostanes, ng/L | 14.2 (2.0–37.2) | 100.8 (37.6–314.7) | <0.001 |
PON1 lactonase activity, U/L | 5.69 (5.02–6.29) | 3.04 (2.11–3.73) | <0.001 |
Parameter | Control (n = 8) | PAD (n = 66) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
IMT (mm) | 1.00 (0.70–1.30) | 1.29 (1.00–1.74) | 0.150 |
I/M ratio | 0.16 (0.13–0.65) | 2.10 (1.33–3.22) | <0.001 |
% PON1 staining | 1.70 (1.54–3.72) | 11.19 (7.25–20.81) | <0.001 |
% PON3 staining | 0.55 (0.22–0.73) | 3.25 (2.01–4.37) | <0.001 |
% CCL2 staining | 2.26 (0.36–3.65) | 30.75 (9.63–44.41) | <0.001 |
% CCR2 staining | 18.29 (7.02–27.56) | 22.99 (13.21–42.71) | 0.263 |
% CD68 staining | 1.10 (0.65–2.88) | 4.57 (2.40–9.24) | 0.007 |
% D6 staining | 0.83 (0.22–12.9) | 41.21 (24.55–58.39) | <0.001 |
% DARC staining | 3.29 (2.01–5.06) | 37.26 (18.06–51.85) | <0.001 |
3. Discussion
4. Experimental Section
4.1. Study Population
4.2. Biochemical Analyses
4.3. Histological and Immunohistochemical Analyses
4.4. Statistical Analyses
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Supplementary Materials
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Hernández-Aguilera, A.; Sepúlveda, J.; Rodríguez-Gallego, E.; Guirro, M.; García-Heredia, A.; Cabré, N.; Luciano-Mateo, F.; Fort-Gallifa, I.; Martín-Paredero, V.; Joven, J.; et al. Immunohistochemical Analysis of Paraoxonases and Chemokines in Arteries of Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2015, 16, 11323-11338. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms160511323
Hernández-Aguilera A, Sepúlveda J, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Guirro M, García-Heredia A, Cabré N, Luciano-Mateo F, Fort-Gallifa I, Martín-Paredero V, Joven J, et al. Immunohistochemical Analysis of Paraoxonases and Chemokines in Arteries of Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2015; 16(5):11323-11338. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms160511323
Chicago/Turabian StyleHernández-Aguilera, Anna, Julio Sepúlveda, Esther Rodríguez-Gallego, Maria Guirro, Anabel García-Heredia, Noemí Cabré, Fedra Luciano-Mateo, Isabel Fort-Gallifa, Vicente Martín-Paredero, Jorge Joven, and et al. 2015. "Immunohistochemical Analysis of Paraoxonases and Chemokines in Arteries of Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 16, no. 5: 11323-11338. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms160511323