Effects of Low Molecular Weight Yeast β-Glucan on Antioxidant and Immunological Activities in Mice
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Results
2.1.1. Chemical Analysis
2.1.2. In Vitro Test
1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl Radical Scavenging Activity (DPPH RSA)
Superoxide RSA
Hydroxyl RSA
2.1.3. In Vivo Test
Effect of Glucan Administration on the Activities of Antioxidant Enzymes in Mouse Serum
Group | SOD | CAT | GSH-PX | MDA |
---|---|---|---|---|
(U/mL) | (U/mL) | (μmol/L) | (nmol/mL) | |
sGSC1 | 372.54 ± 9.18 a | 67.67 ± 1.53 c | 449.90 ± 3.61 b | 2.03 ± 0.09 b |
sGSC2 | 371.34 ± 7.67 a | 56.33 ± 2.51 b | 413.20 ± 4.95 ab | 2.21 ± 0.04 b |
sGSC3 | 368.66 ± 4.81 a | 41.85 ± 1.04 a | 378.35 ± 5.44 a | 2.38 ± 0.16 b |
GSC | 371.57 ± 6.07 a | 42.00 ± 1.78 a | 384.48 ± 7.06 a | 5.84 ± 0.22 a |
Control group | 368.88 ± 3.96 a | 37.86 ± 2.83 a | 357.30 ± 4.39 a | 6.27 ± 0.33 a |
Effect of Glucans on Spleen and Thymus Indexes in Mice
Group | Spleen Index (%) | Thymus Index (%) |
---|---|---|
sGSC1 | 0.32 ± 0.03 c | 0.34 ± 0.03 c |
sGSC2 | 0.30 ± 0.02 bc | 0.30 ± 0.02 bc |
sGSC3 | 0.29 ± 0.03 bc | 0.30 ± 0.01 b |
GSC | 0.28 ± 0.01 b | 0.28 ± 0.02 b |
Control group | 0.22 ± 0.02 a | 0.24 ± 0.03 a |
Effect of Glucan Administration on Spleen Lymphocyte Proliferation in Mice
Group | A570 Value |
---|---|
sGSC1 | 0.72 ± 0.02 c |
sGSC2 | 0.69 ± 0.05 c |
sGSC3 | 0.61 ± 0.04 b |
GSC | 0.61 ± 0.05 b |
Control group | 0.50 ± 0.04 a |
Effect of Glucan Administration on CD4+and CD8+ T Lymphocytes
Group | CD4+ (%) | CD8+ (%) | CD4+/CD8+ |
---|---|---|---|
sGSC1 | 75.48 ± 0.71 d | 20.69 ± 0.37 c | 3.77 ± 0.75 b |
sGSC2 | 73.35 ± 0.95 c | 21.52 ± 0.18 d | 3.41 ± 0.05 cd |
sGSC3 | 71.92 ± 0.82 bc | 22.00 ± 0.13 bdc | 3.28 ± 0.20 d |
GSC | 70.74 ± 0.78 ab | 23.62 ± 0.50 b | 3.00 ± 0.09 acd |
Control group | 68.99 ± 0.52 a | 26.82 ± 0.34 a | 2.57 ± 0.10 a |
Effect of Glucan Administration on IL-2 and IFN-γ Secretion in Serum in Mice
Group | IL-2 (pg/mL) | IFN-γ (pg/mL) |
---|---|---|
sGSC1 | 85.80 ± 3.56 d | 293.16 ± 6.72 bc |
sGSC2 | 75.55 ± 2.21 c | 280.69 ± 4.45 cd |
sGSC3 | 66.24 ± 3.31 b | 276.55 ± 7.27 bcd |
GSC | 55.00 ± 4.12 a | 268.02 ± 5.96 ad |
Control group | 54.40 ± 2.30 a | 249.80 ± 9.10 a |
2.2. Discussion
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Reagents
3.2. Preparation of Glucan
3.3. Preparation of Sulfated Glucan
3.4. Determination of DS
3.5. Molecular Weight Analysis
3.6. FT-IR Spectroscopy
3.7. Antioxidant Activities in Vitro
3.7.1. DPPH RSA
3.7.2. Superoxide RSA
3.7.3. Hydroxyl RSA
3.8. Animal and Experimental Design
3.8.1. Relative Spleen and Thymus Weight
3.8.2. Biochemical Assay
3.8.3. Lymphocyte Proliferation Assay
3.8.4. Detection of CD4+ and CD8+ T Lymphocytes
3.8.5. Serum IL-2 and IFN-γ Concentration Assay
3.9. Statistical Analysis
Acknowledgements
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Lei, N.; Wang, M.; Zhang, L.; Xiao, S.; Fei, C.; Wang, X.; Zhang, K.; Zheng, W.; Wang, C.; Yang, R.; et al. Effects of Low Molecular Weight Yeast β-Glucan on Antioxidant and Immunological Activities in Mice. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2015, 16, 21575-21590. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms160921575
Lei N, Wang M, Zhang L, Xiao S, Fei C, Wang X, Zhang K, Zheng W, Wang C, Yang R, et al. Effects of Low Molecular Weight Yeast β-Glucan on Antioxidant and Immunological Activities in Mice. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2015; 16(9):21575-21590. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms160921575
Chicago/Turabian StyleLei, Na, Mi Wang, Lifang Zhang, Sui Xiao, Chengzhong Fei, Xiaoyang Wang, Keyu Zhang, Wenli Zheng, Chunmei Wang, Ruile Yang, and et al. 2015. "Effects of Low Molecular Weight Yeast β-Glucan on Antioxidant and Immunological Activities in Mice" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 16, no. 9: 21575-21590. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms160921575