Extracellular Self-DNA (esDNA), but Not Heterologous Plant or Insect DNA (etDNA), Induces Plasma Membrane Depolarization and Calcium Signaling in Lima Bean (Phaseolus lunatus) and Maize (Zea mays)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. DNA Sonication and DNA Fragment Analysis
2.2. Extracellular Self-DNA (esDNA) Induces Plasma Membrane Potential (Vm) Depolarization
2.3. Cation Capillary Electrophoresis of Leaf and Larvae Homogenates and of Fragmented DNA
2.4. esDNA Induces Calcium Signaling
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Plant and Animal Material
4.2. DNA Extraction and Sonication
4.3. Membrane Potentials
4.4. Determination of Intracellular Calcium Variations Using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) and Calcium Orange
4.5. Capillary Electrophoresis and Cation Quantification
4.6. Statistical Analyses
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Specifications | Cations | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ammonium | Potassium | Sodium | Calcium | Magnesium | |
MES buffer | 6.31 (0.91) | 6.15 (0.44) | 39.48 (1.28) | 28.01 (0.16) | 3.08 (0.44) |
PE buffer | 4.84 (1.45) | 16.33 (0.15) | 2.71 (0.43) | 1.57 (0.08) | 2.71 (0.18) |
Maize homogenate | 3.41 (0.03) | 1558.28 (21.92) | 58.26 (4.01) | 112.01 (4.08) | 69.63 (4.80) |
Lima bean homogenate | 1.49 (0.39) | 4307.91 (1.86) | 26.21 (0.99) | 516.21 (10.19) | 208.60 (1.43) |
S.l. homogenate | 77.34 (9.54) | 3872.34 (291.17) | 554.43 (45.07) | 53.68 (4.88) | 462.29 (32.73) |
Maize sonicated DNA | 4.88 (0.22) | 15.71 (0.14) | 47.28 (1.39) | 2.83 (0.19) | 2.52 (0.04) |
Lima bean sonicated DNA | 4.86 (0.30) | 15.86 (0.79) | 124.28 (1.26) | 3.39 (0.27) | 2.28 (0.13) |
Anova | F17,6 = 86.415 | F17,6 = 11351.986 | F20,6 = 1536.737 | F19,6 = 3758.449 | F18,6 = 1224.789 |
p values | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 |
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Barbero, F.; Guglielmotto, M.; Capuzzo, A.; Maffei, M.E. Extracellular Self-DNA (esDNA), but Not Heterologous Plant or Insect DNA (etDNA), Induces Plasma Membrane Depolarization and Calcium Signaling in Lima Bean (Phaseolus lunatus) and Maize (Zea mays). Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2016, 17, 1659. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17101659
Barbero F, Guglielmotto M, Capuzzo A, Maffei ME. Extracellular Self-DNA (esDNA), but Not Heterologous Plant or Insect DNA (etDNA), Induces Plasma Membrane Depolarization and Calcium Signaling in Lima Bean (Phaseolus lunatus) and Maize (Zea mays). International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2016; 17(10):1659. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17101659
Chicago/Turabian StyleBarbero, Francesca, Michela Guglielmotto, Andrea Capuzzo, and Massimo E. Maffei. 2016. "Extracellular Self-DNA (esDNA), but Not Heterologous Plant or Insect DNA (etDNA), Induces Plasma Membrane Depolarization and Calcium Signaling in Lima Bean (Phaseolus lunatus) and Maize (Zea mays)" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 17, no. 10: 1659. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17101659