ER Stress-Mediated Signaling: Action Potential and Ca2+ as Key Players
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Stress and Unfolded Protein Response (UPR)
2.1. The ER
2.2. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) and Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)
2.3. ER and Protein Quality Control System
2.4. ER Stress
2.5. UPR
2.6. UPR Signaling
2.7. ER Stress and Ca2+
3. Programmed Cell Death
3.1. Apoptosis
3.2. Apoptosis and ER Stress
3.3. Apoptosis and Ca2+
3.4. Role of Apoptosis in Health and Disease
3.5. ER Stress-Mediated Apoptosis: The Role of Ca2+
3.5.1. Ca2+ Signaling Cascade
3.5.2. Ca2+-Activated Proteases: Caspases and Calpain
4. Action Potential
4.1. Action Potential
4.2. Ionic Basis of Action Potentials
4.3. Action Potential and Ca2+
5. ER Stress-Induced Apoptosis: Action Potential and Ca2+ as a Key Player
5.1. Physiological Role of Ca2+ Channel during the Initiation of Action Potential
5.2. Action Potential and Ca2+ in the ER Stress-Mediated Apoptosis
6. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Bahar, E.; Kim, H.; Yoon, H. ER Stress-Mediated Signaling: Action Potential and Ca2+ as Key Players. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2016, 17, 1558. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17091558
Bahar E, Kim H, Yoon H. ER Stress-Mediated Signaling: Action Potential and Ca2+ as Key Players. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2016; 17(9):1558. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17091558
Chicago/Turabian StyleBahar, Entaz, Hyongsuk Kim, and Hyonok Yoon. 2016. "ER Stress-Mediated Signaling: Action Potential and Ca2+ as Key Players" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 17, no. 9: 1558. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17091558