Development of Biopolymer Composite Films Using a Microfluidization Technique for Carboxymethylcellulose and Apple Skin Particles
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussions
2.1. Optical Properties
2.2. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy Analysis
2.3. Mechanical Properties
2.4. Water Vapor Permeability (WVP)
2.5. Water Solubility
2.6. Antioxidant Activity of Films
2.7. Antimicrobial Activity of Films
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Materials
3.2. Preparation of ASP and ASE
3.3. Film Preparation
3.4. Film Conditioning and Thickness
3.5. Optical Properties
3.6. FTIR Spectroscopy
3.7. Mechanical Properties
3.8. Water Vapor Permeability
3.9. Water Solubility
3.10. Antioxidant Activity of Films
3.11. Antimicrobial Activity of Films
3.12. Statistical Analysis
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
CMC | carboxymethylcellulose |
TA | tartaric acid |
ASE | apple skin extract |
ASP | apple skin powder |
WVP | water vapor permeability |
References
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Color Parameters | Bioplastic Film | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ASP/CMC | ASE1 | ASE1.5 | ASE2 | ASE1/TA0.5 | ASE1/TA0.75 | ASE1/TA1 | |
L | 92.85 ± 0.31 A | 89.43 ± 0.32 B,d | 88.34 ± 0.18 C | 88.46 ± 0.21 C | 89.39 ± 0.49 c | 88.51 ± 0.20 b | 85.30 ± 0.22 a |
a | 1.28 ± 0.06 A | 0.31 ± 0.09 B,d | 0.43 ± 0.07 B | 0.32 ± 0.10 B | 5.58 ± 0.30 c | 8.20 ± 0.26 b | 11.48 ± 0.27 a |
b | 12.78 ± 0.22 C | 26.95 ± 0.78 B,a | 30.99 ± 0.40 A | 31.47 ± 0.38 A | 19.21 ± 0.49 b | 18.25 ± 0.27 c | 22.33 ± 0.30 d |
Transparency (%) | 49.20 ± 2.45 A | 37.60 ± 0.90 B,a | 31.54 ± 0.89 C | 27.38 ± 0.53 D | 21.06 ± 0.44 b | 20.48 ± 0.79 b | 20.16 ± 1.37 b |
Bioplastic Film | Weight (g) of Dry Matter in Distilled Water (100 mL) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CMC | ASP | Glycerol | ASE | TA | |
CMC | 3 | - | 1 | - | - |
ASP/CMC | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1 | - | - |
ASE1 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1 | 1 | - |
ASE1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1 | 1.5 | - |
ASE2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1 | 2 | - |
ASE1/TA0.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1 | 1 | 0.5 |
ASE1/TA0.75 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1 | 1 | 0.75 |
ASE1/TA1 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
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Choi, I.; Chang, Y.; Shin, S.-H.; Joo, E.; Song, H.J.; Eom, H.; Han, J. Development of Biopolymer Composite Films Using a Microfluidization Technique for Carboxymethylcellulose and Apple Skin Particles. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2017, 18, 1278. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18061278
Choi I, Chang Y, Shin S-H, Joo E, Song HJ, Eom H, Han J. Development of Biopolymer Composite Films Using a Microfluidization Technique for Carboxymethylcellulose and Apple Skin Particles. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2017; 18(6):1278. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18061278
Chicago/Turabian StyleChoi, Inyoung, Yoonjee Chang, So-Hyang Shin, Eunmi Joo, Hyun Ju Song, Haeyoung Eom, and Jaejoon Han. 2017. "Development of Biopolymer Composite Films Using a Microfluidization Technique for Carboxymethylcellulose and Apple Skin Particles" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 18, no. 6: 1278. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18061278