Oleuropein Induces AMPK-Dependent Autophagy in NAFLD Mice, Regardless of the Gender
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. ND and HFD Liver Histology before and after Ole Treatment
2.2. Gender Specific Activation of Akt/mTOR Pathway by Ole in ND and HFD Mice
2.3. Activation of AMPK/ULK1 Pathway by Ole in ND and HFD Mice
2.4. Ole is Able to Induce Early Autophagic Machinery
2.5. Ole Does Not Affect the Expression of Caspase 3 and Bcl-2 Apoptotic Proteins in HFD Mice
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Mice Experimental Protocol
4.2. Histological Analysis
4.3. Immunohistochemistry for Caspase 3 and Bcl2
4.4. RNA Extraction and cDNA Synthesis
4.5. Real-Time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction PCR (Q-PCR) Analysis
4.6. Western Blot Analysis
4.7. Statistical Analysis
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
ND | Normal diet |
HFD | High-fat diet |
Ole | Oleuropein |
NAFLD | Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease |
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Porcu, C.; Sideri, S.; Martini, M.; Cocomazzi, A.; Galli, A.; Tarantino, G.; Balsano, C. Oleuropein Induces AMPK-Dependent Autophagy in NAFLD Mice, Regardless of the Gender. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018, 19, 3948. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19123948
Porcu C, Sideri S, Martini M, Cocomazzi A, Galli A, Tarantino G, Balsano C. Oleuropein Induces AMPK-Dependent Autophagy in NAFLD Mice, Regardless of the Gender. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2018; 19(12):3948. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19123948
Chicago/Turabian StylePorcu, Cristiana, Silvia Sideri, Maurizio Martini, Alessandra Cocomazzi, Andrea Galli, Giovanni Tarantino, and Clara Balsano. 2018. "Oleuropein Induces AMPK-Dependent Autophagy in NAFLD Mice, Regardless of the Gender" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 12: 3948. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19123948