miRNA Profiling for Early Detection and Treatment of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. miRNA Signatures in Muscle and Muscle Disease
3. Circulating miRNAs as Biomarkers in the Early Detection of DMD
4. Circulating miRNAs as a Biomarker to Measure the Extent of Disease Progression in Muscle Tissues
5. miRNAs as Therapeutic Targets in the Prevention of DMD Symptoms
6. miRNAs as Therapeutic Targets for the Treatment of Late-Stage Non-Ambulatory DMD
7. Conclusions and Future Directions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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miRNA | Description | Reference |
---|---|---|
miR-1 | Upregulated in the serum of DMD patients | [35] |
miR-31 | [41] | |
miR-133 | ||
miR-206 | ||
miR-222 | Upregulated along with the occurrence of myocardial scars | [36] |
miR-26a | ||
miR-378a-5p | ||
miR-181 | Correlates positively with motor function in DMD patients | [37] |
miR-30c | ||
miR-29c-3p | Downregulated in the urine of DMD patients | [38] |
miR-23b-3p | ||
miR-21-5p | ||
miR-199a-5p | Elevated in exosomes sourced from DMD muscle | [39] |
miR-26a | Upregulated in female carriers with cardiomyopathy | [40] |
miR-206 | ||
miR-22 | ||
miR-342 | ||
miR-378a-3p | ||
miR-378-5p | ||
miR-29c | Downregulated in female carriers with cardiomyopathy | [40] |
miR-144 |
miRNA | Description | Reference |
---|---|---|
miR-675 | sPIF mediated reduction of muscle fibrosis via upregulation of miR-675 | [48] |
miR-21 | Reduction of miR-21 expression reduces fibrosis | [48] |
[43] | ||
miR-31 | Inhibition increases dystrophin rescue | [49] |
miR-146b | [50] | |
miR-374a | ||
miR-29 | Treatment with synthetic miR-29 slows fibrosis and promotes muscle regeneration | [47] |
miR-708 | Inhibition results in increased nNOs expression | [45] |
miR-34c | ||
miR-199a-5p | Overexpression induces fibrotic response in wt fibroblasts and mouse models | [39] |
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Hrach, H.C.; Mangone, M. miRNA Profiling for Early Detection and Treatment of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 4638. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20184638
Hrach HC, Mangone M. miRNA Profiling for Early Detection and Treatment of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 20(18):4638. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20184638
Chicago/Turabian StyleHrach, Heather C., and Marco Mangone. 2019. "miRNA Profiling for Early Detection and Treatment of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 18: 4638. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20184638