Mechanisms and Functions of Long Non-Coding RNAs at Multiple Regulatory Levels

Zhang, Xiaopei; Wang, Wei; Zhu, Weidong; Dong, Jie; Cheng, Yingying; Yin, Zujun; Shen, Fafu

doi:10.3390/ijms20225573

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Mechanisms and Functions of Long Non-Coding RNAs at Multiple Regulatory Levels

by

Xiaopei Zhang

¹,

Wei Wang

¹

,

Weidong Zhu

²,

Jie Dong

¹,

Yingying Cheng

¹,

Zujun Yin

^2,* and

Fafu Shen

^1,*

¹

State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, NO. 61 Daizong Street, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China

²

State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Cotton Research Institute, Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, Anyang 45500, Henan, China

^*

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20(22), 5573; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20225573

Submission received: 20 September 2019 / Revised: 5 November 2019 / Accepted: 6 November 2019 / Published: 8 November 2019

(This article belongs to the Collection Regulation by Non-coding RNAs)

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Abstract

Long non-coding (lnc) RNAs are non-coding RNAs longer than 200 nt. lncRNAs primarily interact with mRNA, DNA, protein, and miRNA and consequently regulate gene expression at the epigenetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels in a variety of ways. They play important roles in biological processes such as chromatin remodeling, transcriptional activation, transcriptional interference, RNA processing, and mRNA translation. lncRNAs have important functions in plant growth and development; biotic and abiotic stress responses; and in regulation of cell differentiation, the cell cycle, and the occurrence of many diseases in humans and animals. In this review, we summarize the functions and mechanisms of lncRNAs in plants, humans, and animals at different regulatory levels.

Keywords: lncRNA; epigenetic; transcriptional; post-transcriptional; translation; post-translational modification

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MDPI and ACS Style

Zhang, X.; Wang, W.; Zhu, W.; Dong, J.; Cheng, Y.; Yin, Z.; Shen, F. Mechanisms and Functions of Long Non-Coding RNAs at Multiple Regulatory Levels. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 5573. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20225573

AMA Style

Zhang X, Wang W, Zhu W, Dong J, Cheng Y, Yin Z, Shen F. Mechanisms and Functions of Long Non-Coding RNAs at Multiple Regulatory Levels. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 20(22):5573. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20225573

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhang, Xiaopei, Wei Wang, Weidong Zhu, Jie Dong, Yingying Cheng, Zujun Yin, and Fafu Shen. 2019. "Mechanisms and Functions of Long Non-Coding RNAs at Multiple Regulatory Levels" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 22: 5573. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20225573

APA Style

Zhang, X., Wang, W., Zhu, W., Dong, J., Cheng, Y., Yin, Z., & Shen, F. (2019). Mechanisms and Functions of Long Non-Coding RNAs at Multiple Regulatory Levels. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 20(22), 5573. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20225573

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Mechanisms and Functions of Long Non-Coding RNAs at Multiple Regulatory Levels

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