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Article

Depression, GABA, and Age Correlate with Plasma Levels of Inflammatory Markers

by
Amol K. Bhandage
1,†,
Janet L. Cunningham
2,†,
Zhe Jin
1,
Qiujin Shen
3,
Santiago Bongiovanni
2,
Sergiy V. Korol
1,
Mikaela Syk
2,
Masood Kamali-Moghaddam
3,
Lisa Ekselius
2 and
Bryndis Birnir
1,*
1
Department of Neuroscience, Physiology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 593, 75124 Uppsala, Sweden
2
Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
3
Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life laboratory, Uppsala University, 75108 Uppsala, Sweden
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20(24), 6172; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20246172
Submission received: 22 October 2019 / Revised: 3 December 2019 / Accepted: 4 December 2019 / Published: 6 December 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pharmacology and Neurobiology of GABA Receptors)
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Abstract

Immunomodulation is increasingly being recognised as a part of mental diseases. Here, we examined whether levels of immunological protein markers changed with depression, age, or the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). An analysis of plasma samples from patients with a major depressive episode and control blood donors (CBD) revealed the expression of 67 inflammatory markers. Thirteen of these markers displayed augmented levels in patients compared to CBD. Twenty-one markers correlated with the age of the patients, whereas 10 markers correlated with the age of CBD. Interestingly, CST5 and CDCP1 showed the strongest correlation with age in the patients and CBD, respectively. IL-18 was the only marker that correlated with the MADRS-S scores of the patients. Neuronal growth factors (NGFs) were significantly enhanced in plasma from the patients, as was the average plasma GABA concentration. GABA modulated the release of seven cytokines in anti-CD3-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from the patients. The study reveals significant changes in the plasma composition of small molecules during depression and identifies potential peripheral biomarkers of the disease.
Keywords: GABAA receptor; inflammation; mental health GABAA receptor; inflammation; mental health

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MDPI and ACS Style

Bhandage, A.K.; Cunningham, J.L.; Jin, Z.; Shen, Q.; Bongiovanni, S.; Korol, S.V.; Syk, M.; Kamali-Moghaddam, M.; Ekselius, L.; Birnir, B. Depression, GABA, and Age Correlate with Plasma Levels of Inflammatory Markers. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 6172. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20246172

AMA Style

Bhandage AK, Cunningham JL, Jin Z, Shen Q, Bongiovanni S, Korol SV, Syk M, Kamali-Moghaddam M, Ekselius L, Birnir B. Depression, GABA, and Age Correlate with Plasma Levels of Inflammatory Markers. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 20(24):6172. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20246172

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bhandage, Amol K., Janet L. Cunningham, Zhe Jin, Qiujin Shen, Santiago Bongiovanni, Sergiy V. Korol, Mikaela Syk, Masood Kamali-Moghaddam, Lisa Ekselius, and Bryndis Birnir. 2019. "Depression, GABA, and Age Correlate with Plasma Levels of Inflammatory Markers" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 24: 6172. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20246172

APA Style

Bhandage, A. K., Cunningham, J. L., Jin, Z., Shen, Q., Bongiovanni, S., Korol, S. V., Syk, M., Kamali-Moghaddam, M., Ekselius, L., & Birnir, B. (2019). Depression, GABA, and Age Correlate with Plasma Levels of Inflammatory Markers. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 20(24), 6172. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20246172

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