Pre-Treatment with Ten-Minute Carbon Dioxide Inhalation Prevents Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Lung Injury in Mice via Down-Regulation of Toll-Like Receptor 4 Expression
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Pre-Treatment with Inhaled Carbon Dioxide Suppressed LPS-Induced Weight Loss, Lung Injury, and Indicators of Oxidative Stress
2.2. Pre-Treatment with Inhaled Carbon Dioxide Reduced LPS-Induced Inflammatory Cytokine Levels
2.3. Pre-Treatment with Inhaled Carbon Dioxide Suppressed LPS-Induced Tissue Damage and Inflammatory Cell Infiltration
2.4. Inhaled Carbon Dioxide Pre-Treatment Inhibited LPS-Induced NF-κB Activation
2.5. Inhaled Carbon Dioxide Pre-Treatment and LPS Affected TLR4 Surface Expression
2.6. Inhaled Carbon Dioxide Affected TLR4 Surface Expression
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Animals
4.2. Experimental Protocols
4.3. Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid (BALF) Analysis
4.4. Protein Carbonyl Levels, Cytokine, and Chemokine Levels
4.5. Histopathological Analysis
4.6. Immunohistochemistry Staining for Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4)
4.7. Immunoblotting
4.8. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Tang, S.-E.; Wu, S.-Y.; Chu, S.-J.; Tzeng, Y.-S.; Peng, C.-K.; Lan, C.-C.; Perng, W.-C.; Wu, C.-P.; Huang, K.-L. Pre-Treatment with Ten-Minute Carbon Dioxide Inhalation Prevents Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Lung Injury in Mice via Down-Regulation of Toll-Like Receptor 4 Expression. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 6293. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20246293
Tang S-E, Wu S-Y, Chu S-J, Tzeng Y-S, Peng C-K, Lan C-C, Perng W-C, Wu C-P, Huang K-L. Pre-Treatment with Ten-Minute Carbon Dioxide Inhalation Prevents Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Lung Injury in Mice via Down-Regulation of Toll-Like Receptor 4 Expression. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 20(24):6293. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20246293
Chicago/Turabian StyleTang, Shih-En, Shu-Yu Wu, Shi-Jye Chu, Yuan-Sheng Tzeng, Chung-Kan Peng, Chou-Chin Lan, Wann-Cherng Perng, Chin-Pyng Wu, and Kun-Lun Huang. 2019. "Pre-Treatment with Ten-Minute Carbon Dioxide Inhalation Prevents Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Lung Injury in Mice via Down-Regulation of Toll-Like Receptor 4 Expression" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 24: 6293. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20246293