Dual Target Ligands with 4-tert-Butylphenoxy Scaffold as Histamine H3 Receptor Antagonists and Monoamine Oxidase B Inhibitors
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- -
- exchange of piperidine moiety for other cyclic amines (pyrrolidine, substituted piperidine, or azepane)
- -
- elongation of alkyl chain from three up to six atoms.
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Synthesis of Compounds
2.2. Human Histamine H3 Receptor Affinity
2.3. Human Monoamine Oxidase B Inhibitory Activity
2.3.1. Screening and Determination of IC50
2.3.2. Reversibility Studies
2.3.3. Kinetic Studies
2.4. Human Monoamine Oxidase A Inhibitory Activity
2.5. Toxicity and Neuroprotection Studies In Vitro
2.6. Antiparkinsonian Activity in Haloperidol-Induced Catalepsy in Wistar Rats
2.6.1. Bar Test
2.6.2. Crossed-Leg Position Test
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Chemistry
- 1-(3-bromopropoxy)-4-tert-butylbenzene(4a):CAS3245-63-4; 1-(4-bromobutoxy)-4-tert-butylbenzene (4b): CAS53669-73-1;
- 1-(5-bromopentyloxy)-4-tert-butylbenzene (4c): CAS53669-74-2;
- 1-(6-bromohexyloxy)-4-tert-butylbenzene (4d): CAS53669-73-3.
3.2. Biological Studies In Vitro
3.2.1. Affinity for Human Histamine H3 Receptor
3.2.2. Human Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitory Activity
General Method for Determining Activity Against MAO Isoforms
Screening and Determination of IC50
Reversibility Studies
Kinetic Studies
3.2.3. Toxicity and Neuroprotection Evaluation In Vitro
Cell Lines
Toxicity Studies
Neuroprotection Studies
3.3. Antiparkinsonian Activity in Haloperidol-Induced Catalepsy In Vivo
3.3.1. Animals
3.3.2. Drugs
3.3.3. Statistical Analysis
3.3.4. Determination of Antiparkinsonian Activity in Catalepsy Tests
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
AChE | Acetylcholinesterase |
BuChE | Butyrylcholinesterase |
DA | Dopamine |
DMSO | Dimethyl sulfoxide |
DTL | Dual Target Ligands |
DX | Doxorubicin |
H3R | Histamine H3 receptor |
HEK293 | Human embryonic kidney |
i.p. | Intraperitoneal |
MAO B | Monoamine oxidase B |
MTDL | Multi-Target-Directed Ligands |
PD | Parkinson’s disease |
PEA | β-phenylethylamine |
SAL | Salsolinol |
s.c. | Subcutaneous |
TLC | Thin-layer Chromatography |
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Compounds | R | n | H3R a Ki (nM) (95%CI) | MAO B b IC50 (nM) (%Inh.) c | MAO A b IC50 (nM) (%Inh.) d |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
5 | 1 | 371 (136, 1009) | 2.7 ± 0.4 | nt e | |
DL76 | 1 | 38 f (8, 181) | 48 ± 15 | >10,000 (9%) | |
6 | 2 | 309 (166, 574) | 290 ± 7 | >10,000 (10%) | |
7 | 3 | 252 (64, 990) | (28%) | nt e | |
8 | 4 | 225 (98, 519) | (13%) | nt e | |
9 | 1 | 69 (49, 96) | 11 ± 1 | >10,000 (5%) | |
10 | 2 | 153 (46, 505) | 475 ± 38 | >10,000 (2%) | |
11 | 3 | 1556 (349, 6941) | (36%) | nt e | |
12 | 1 | 98 (43, 226) | 117 ±12 | >10,000 (10%) | |
13 | 2 | 102 (18, 571) | 1405 ± 494 | nt e | |
14 | 3 | 114 (33, 397) | (33%) | nt e | |
15 | 4 | 351 (223, 552) | (13%) | nt | |
16 | 1 | 1624 (1075, 2453) | 476 ± 38 | >10,000 (6%) | |
17 | 2 | 3437 (2701, 4374) | (38%) | nt e | |
18 | 3 | 3535 (2528, 4942) | 2777 ± 66 | >10,000 (19%) | |
19 | 4 | 2575 (542, 12227) | 1953 ± 45 | >10,000 (24%) | |
20 | 1 | 341 (49, 2388) | (37%) | nt e | |
21 | 2 | 1381 (923, 2066) | (35%) | nt e | |
22 | 3 | 2235 (1136, 4397) | (41%) | nt e | |
23 | 4 | 2083 (936, 4637) | (34%) | nt e | |
24 | 1 | 316 (123, 808) | (37%) | nt e | |
25 | 2 | 400 (152, 1050) | (33%) | nt e | |
26 | 3 | 531 (344, 822) | (39%) | nt e | |
27 | 4 | 1350 (651, 2798) | (10%) | nt e | |
28 | 1 | 111 (68, 180) | 45 ± 4 | >10,000 (10%) | |
29 | 2 | 299 (105, 855) | 1627 ± 78 | >10,000 (23%) | |
30 | 3 | 324 (121, 870) | (18%) | nt e | |
31 | 4 | 829 g (313, 2194) | (23%) | nt e | |
rasagiline | nt e | 15 ± 1 | nt e | ||
pargiline | nt e | 360 ± 138 | nt e | ||
safinamide | nt e | 7.7 ± 1.2 | nt e | ||
clorgiline | nt e | nt e | 1.76 ± 0.5 nM |
Parameters | Compound 9 | DL76 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Concentration (nM) | 0 | 0.2 | 10 | 40 | 0 | 7 | 48 | 164 |
Vmax (RFU/min) | 1713 | 1652 | 1544 | 1238 | 2046 | 1628 | 1165 | 726.3 |
KM (mM) | 0.24 | 0.27 | 0.27 | 0.28 | 0.11 | 0.14 | 0.21 | 0.27 |
Compound | Dose | Times of Observation of Catalepsy (s) 1 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
(mg/kg; i.p.) | 0 min | 3 min | 6 min | |
control | - | 17.5 ± 5.3 | 30.0 ± 0 | 30.0 ± 0 |
DL-76 | 25 | 19.5± 4.2 | 26.5 ± 3.5 | 30.0 ± 0 |
50 | 13.8 ± 5.9 | 13.5 ± 4.2 * | 22.0 ± 5.0 | |
MSX-3 | 25 | 0 ± 0 *** | 0 ± 0 *** | 0 ± 0 *** |
50 | 0 ± 0 *** | 0 ± 0 *** | 0 ± 0 *** |
Compound | Dose (mg/kg) | Times of Observation of Catalepsy (s) 1 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
0 min | 3 min | 6 min | ||
control | - | 4.2 ± 1.6 | 23.5 ± 6.5 | 30.0 ± 0 |
DL-76 | 25 | 0.66 ± 0.68 | 10.6 ± 6.1 | 15.0 ± 6.7 |
50 | 0 ± 0 *** | 0 ± 0 *** | 0.16 ± 0.4 *** | |
MSX-3 | 25 | 0 ± 0 *** | 0 ± 0 *** | 0 ± 0 *** |
50 | 0 ± 0 *** | 0 ± 0 *** | 0 ± 0 *** |
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Łażewska, D.; Olejarz-Maciej, A.; Reiner, D.; Kaleta, M.; Latacz, G.; Zygmunt, M.; Doroz-Płonka, A.; Karcz, T.; Frank, A.; Stark, H.; et al. Dual Target Ligands with 4-tert-Butylphenoxy Scaffold as Histamine H3 Receptor Antagonists and Monoamine Oxidase B Inhibitors. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 3411. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21103411
Łażewska D, Olejarz-Maciej A, Reiner D, Kaleta M, Latacz G, Zygmunt M, Doroz-Płonka A, Karcz T, Frank A, Stark H, et al. Dual Target Ligands with 4-tert-Butylphenoxy Scaffold as Histamine H3 Receptor Antagonists and Monoamine Oxidase B Inhibitors. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(10):3411. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21103411
Chicago/Turabian StyleŁażewska, Dorota, Agnieszka Olejarz-Maciej, David Reiner, Maria Kaleta, Gniewomir Latacz, Małgorzata Zygmunt, Agata Doroz-Płonka, Tadeusz Karcz, Annika Frank, Holger Stark, and et al. 2020. "Dual Target Ligands with 4-tert-Butylphenoxy Scaffold as Histamine H3 Receptor Antagonists and Monoamine Oxidase B Inhibitors" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 10: 3411. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21103411