Novel Maleic Acid, Crosslinked, Nanofibrous Chitosan/Poly (Vinylpyrrolidone) Membranes for Reverse Osmosis Desalination
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. FTIR Analysis
2.2. Scanning Electron Microscopy
2.3. Desalination Performance of Membranes
2.4. Membrane Chlorine Resistance
2.5. Stability Tests
2.6. Fouling Resistance
2.7. Contact Angle Determination
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Materials
3.2. Preparation of NF-TFC Membrane
Preparation of CA (Cellulose Acetate) Substrate
3.3. Preparation of Electrospinning Solutions
3.3.1. CS/PVP Blends
3.3.2. Crosslinking of CS/PVP Blends with Maleic Acid
3.3.3. Electrospinning Process
3.4. FTIR Analysis
3.5. Scanning Electron Microscopy
3.6. Reverse Osmosis Performance Evaluation
3.7. Membrane Chlorine Resistance
3.8. Antifouling Studies
3.9. Contact Angle Determination
3.10. Statistical Analysis
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Articles | Permeation Flux (L/m2h) | Salt Rejection (%) | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
PVA/NaAlg/ZnO–NPs | 34.00 | 97.00 | [33] |
PVA/DGEBA/MWCNT | 84.00 | 92.00 | [34] |
PU/PVC–co-VA | 3.58 ± 0.38 | 96.00 ± 0.59 | [35] |
Modified PVA/Gum Arabic conjugate | 94.00 | 98.00 | [36] |
GO | 9.18 | 99.30 | [37] |
CA/TiO2(NPs) | 0.42 | 76.10 | [38] |
CS/PVP | 42.90 | 98.30 | Present work |
CA/PEG/FSP | 1.312 | 78.00 | [39] |
Sample | Salt Rejection (%) Before Chlorine Stability Test | Salt Rejection (%) After Chlorine Stability Test |
---|---|---|
CA | 56.0 ± 1.2 | 41.0 ± 1.3 |
CA-S1 | 79.0 ± 1.9 | 69.0 ± 2.1 |
CA-S2 | 88.0 ± 1.4 | 81.0 ± 1.9 |
CA-S3 | 92.1 ± 1.0 | 89.0 ± 1.5 |
CA-S4 | 98.3 ± 0.5 | 90.0 ± 2.3 |
CA-S5 | 98.0 ± 0.8 | 88.0 ± 1.6 |
Membranes | CS | PVP | Maleic Acid |
---|---|---|---|
(g) | (g) | (g) | |
CA | 1 | 4 | - |
CA-S1 | 1 | 4 | 0.05 |
CA-S2 | 1 | 4 | 0.1 |
CA-S3 | 1 | 4 | 0.15 |
CA-S4 | 1 | 4 | 0.2 |
CA-S5 | 1 | 4 | 0.25 |
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Ali, I.; Raza, M.A.; Mehmood, R.; Islam, A.; Sabir, A.; Gull, N.; Haider, B.; Park, S.H.; Khan, R.U. Novel Maleic Acid, Crosslinked, Nanofibrous Chitosan/Poly (Vinylpyrrolidone) Membranes for Reverse Osmosis Desalination. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 7338. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21197338
Ali I, Raza MA, Mehmood R, Islam A, Sabir A, Gull N, Haider B, Park SH, Khan RU. Novel Maleic Acid, Crosslinked, Nanofibrous Chitosan/Poly (Vinylpyrrolidone) Membranes for Reverse Osmosis Desalination. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(19):7338. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21197338
Chicago/Turabian StyleAli, Israr, Muhammad Asim Raza, Rashid Mehmood, Atif Islam, Aneela Sabir, Nafisa Gull, Bilal Haider, Sang Hyun Park, and Rafi Ullah Khan. 2020. "Novel Maleic Acid, Crosslinked, Nanofibrous Chitosan/Poly (Vinylpyrrolidone) Membranes for Reverse Osmosis Desalination" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 19: 7338. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21197338