Terpenes and Terpenoids in Plants: Interactions with Environment and Insects
Abstract
:1. Plant Terpenes in Abiotic Stress
1.1. Diversity of Plant Terpenes
1.2. Stress Response and Terpenoid Biosynthetic Genes
1.3. Effects of Plant Terpenes on Abiotic Stress
2. Terpenoids in Plant–Insect Interactions
2.1. Terpenoids with Toxic and/or Repellent Effects on Insects
2.2. Terpenoids as Attractants to Predators or Parasitoids
2.3. Terpenoids as Attractants to Herbivores
2.4. Plant Terpenes with Beneficiaries
3. Potential Agricultural Biotechnology Applications
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Plant Species | Terpenes | Abiotic Stress | References |
---|---|---|---|
Nicotianaattenuata | sesquiterpenes: (E)-β-Farnesene; (E)-α-Bergamotene | Tropospheric ozone, ROS | [50,51,52] |
Oryzasativa | monoterpenes: limonene; sabinene, myrcene; α-terpinene; β-ocimene; γ-terpinene; α-terpinolene | High irradiance (UV-B, H2O2, and γ rays) | [53] |
Vitis viniferacv. Chardonay | monoterpenes | Thermal stress | [54] |
Pseudotsugamenziesii (Douglas fir) | monoterpenes: β-pinene; α-pinene; β-citronellol; 3-carene; camphene | Drought- and salt-induced stress | [55] |
Zea mays | Sesquiterpenoid: zealexin; diterpenoid: kaulalexins together with ABA | [56] | |
Salviaofficinalis, Salvia fruticose, Rosmarinus officinalis | diterpene: carnosic acid | [57] |
Plant Species | Terpenes | Targets | Effects | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Tropical orchids | monoterpene: 1, 8-cineole | Male euglossine bees | an attractant and reward to pollinator | [62] |
Dalechampia (Euphorbiaceae) epiphytes (Clusia) | terpenoid resins (oxygenated triterpenes) | Female euglossine (Apidae), female anthidiine (Megachilidae), or worker meliponine (Apidae) bees | reward to pollinators for use in nest construction | [63,64,65] |
Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) | Sesquiterpene: α-farnesene, germacrene D, Monoterpenes: (E)-β-ocimene, (Z,E)-α-farnesene | Mainly honeybees (Apidae) | attract a variety of pollinators | [66] |
White Campion (Silene latifolia) | lilac aldehydes | Noctuid moths (Hadena bicruris) | scent cue for pollinators to locate their specific host | [67] |
Pineapple zamia (Macrozamia lucida) | β-myrcene, (E)-β ocimene and allo-ocimene | Thrips (Cycadothrips chadwick) | repel or attract pollinators to complete the pollination from male to female | [68] |
Fig (Ficus hispida) | Monoterpenes: linalool, limonene and β-pinene | Wasp (Ceratosolen solmsi marchali) | signals for pollinators to identify floral stages | [69] |
Monkeyflower (Mimulus lewisii) | D-limonene, β-myrcene and E-β-ocimene. | Bumblebee (Bombus vosnesenskii) | attract specific pollinators | [70] |
Sweet rocket (Hesperis Matronalis) | linalool, β-ocimene. | Mainly syrphid flies (Syrphidae) | attract a variety of pollinators | [71,72] |
Radiator plant (Peperomia macrostachya) | geranyl linalool | Arboreal ants (Camponotus femoratus) | attract seed disperser to collect and plant their seeds | [73,74] |
Cabbage plants (Brassica) | monoterpene: 1,8-cineole | Parasitic wasps (Cotesia glomerata) | attracts parasitoids that lay eggs in the caterpillars of specific herbivores | [75,76] |
Maize (Zea mays) | terpene | Parasitic wasps (Cotesia marginventris) specialized parasitoid (Microplitis croceipes). | attracts the endoparasitoid that attacks larvae of a wide range of lepidopterous hosts | [77] |
Elm (Ulmus minor) | homoterpenoids: (E)-2,6-dimethyl-6,8-nonadien-4-one, (E)-2,6-dimethyl-2,6,8-nonatrien-4-one, and (R,E)-2,3-epoxy-2,6-dimethyl-6,8-nonadiene | Parasitoid (Oomyzus gallerucae) | attracts egg parasitoids to attack the eggs of elm leaf beetles Xanthogaleruca luteola | [78,79] |
Various plant species | (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, (Z)-3-hexenol, (3E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene, and linalool | Pest predator (Chrysopa phyllochroma) | specific concentrations of these terpenes are significantly attractive to this target | [80] |
Various plant species | (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, (3E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene, and linalool | Pest predator (Chrysopa phyllochroma) | promote oviposition | [80] |
Tomato and tobacco | β-ocimene | Parasitoid (Aphidius ervi) | attract parasitoids | [61] |
Tomato and tobacco | β-ocimene | Pest (Macrosiphum euphorbiae) | defense against pest | [61] |
Melalecua alternifolia | Terpinolene | Paropsisterna tigrina | pest adults cause less damage in the presence of a high level of terpinolene in the plant | [59] |
Brazil nut family (Lecythidaceae) | S-methylmethionine, | Wood-boring longicorn beetles (Cerambycidae) | deterrent to specialist beetle seeking oviposition sites | [81] |
Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) | β-trans-ocimene, (+)-R-limonene | Aphids | deterrent to pest | [82] |
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) | Tetracyclic terpenes: Cucurbitacins | Spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) | antibiotic effect on spider mites but attractive to the pest cucumber beetle | [83,84] |
Cinnamon and clove | Eugenol, caryophyllene oxide, α-pinene, α-humulene and α-phellandrene | Sitophilus granarius | toxic and repellent effects to adult pest | [58] |
Water primrose (Ludwigia octovalvis) | α-pinene, linalool oxide, geraniol, and phytol | Weber (Altica cyanea) | attractive to pest females | [85] |
Rice (Oryza sativa). | (S)-linalool, 4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene, (E)-caryophyllene, and (R/S)-(E)-nerolidol | African rice gall midge (Orseolia oryzivora) | attractive to mated female pest in intact rice, but repellent with different concentrations of the same volatiles in infested plant | [60] |
Eucalyptus grandis | α-pinene, γ-terpinene | Leptocybe invasa | potentially attractive to pest | [86] |
Various plant species | Geraniol | Bemisia tabaci | encapsulated geraniol shows attraction to B. tabaci | [87] |
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Boncan, D.A.T.; Tsang, S.S.K.; Li, C.; Lee, I.H.T.; Lam, H.-M.; Chan, T.-F.; Hui, J.H.L. Terpenes and Terpenoids in Plants: Interactions with Environment and Insects. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 7382. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21197382
Boncan DAT, Tsang SSK, Li C, Lee IHT, Lam H-M, Chan T-F, Hui JHL. Terpenes and Terpenoids in Plants: Interactions with Environment and Insects. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(19):7382. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21197382
Chicago/Turabian StyleBoncan, Delbert Almerick T., Stacey S.K. Tsang, Chade Li, Ivy H.T. Lee, Hon-Ming Lam, Ting-Fung Chan, and Jerome H.L. Hui. 2020. "Terpenes and Terpenoids in Plants: Interactions with Environment and Insects" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 19: 7382. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21197382
APA StyleBoncan, D. A. T., Tsang, S. S. K., Li, C., Lee, I. H. T., Lam, H. -M., Chan, T. -F., & Hui, J. H. L. (2020). Terpenes and Terpenoids in Plants: Interactions with Environment and Insects. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(19), 7382. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21197382