Aptamer-Functionalized Nanoparticles in Targeted Delivery and Cancer Therapy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Passive vs. Active Targeting of Nanoparticles
3. Aptamer-Functionalized Nanoparticles in Actively Targeted Drug Delivery
3.1. The Advantages of Using Aptamers to Functionalize Nanoparticles
3.2. Strategies of Conjugating Aptamers to Nanoparticles
3.3. Aptamer-Functionalized Nanoparticles in Pre-Clinical Studies
4. Challenges Facing Actively Targeted Delivery
4.1. Potential Alterations of Nanoparticle and Ligand Properties after Conjugation
4.2. Selection of Suitable Tumor Marker or Receptor
4.3. The “Binding Site Barrier” Effect
5. Conclusions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
3WJ-RNA | a highly stable three-way junction (3WJ) motif from phi29 packaging RNA |
5-FU | 5-fluorouracil |
ALCL | anaplastic large cell lymphoma |
ALK | anaplastic lymphoma kinase |
ALL | acute lymphoblastic leukemia, also known as T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia |
AML-M2 | acute myeloid leukemia subtype 2 |
APTES | (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane |
BSA | bovine serum albumin |
cMet | hepatocyte growth factor receptor |
COOH | (terminal) carboxylic acid group |
CSC | cancer stem cell |
CTC | circulating tumor cell |
CUR-NP | curcumin-loaded lipid-polymer-lecithin hybrid nanoparticle |
Cyt c | cytochrome c |
DAU | daunorubicin |
DGL | dendrigraftpoly-L-lysines |
DOTAP | 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane |
DNR | daunorubicin |
DOX | doxorubicin |
dsDNA | double-stranded DNA |
DSPE | 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine |
EGFR | Epidermal growth factor receptor |
EHH | electrostatic adsorption, hydrogen bonding, and hydrophobic interaction |
Ehrlich’s ACC | Ehrlich’s ascites carcinoma cell |
ELP | elastin-like polypeptide |
EpCAM | epithelial cell adhesion molecule |
EPI | epirubicin |
FGFR1 | fibroblast growth factor receptor type-1 |
FMSN | fluorescent mesoporous silica nanoparticle |
FN | fibronectin |
FO | Ferric oxide |
FoxM1 | Forkhead box M1 |
Gd:SrHap | gadolinium-doped luminescent and mesoporous strontium hydroxyapatite |
GMNP | gold-coated magnetic nanoparticle |
GNP | gold nanoparticle |
GO | Graphene oxide |
GPN | gefitinib-loaded poly (lactic co-glycolic acid) nanoparticle |
GQD | graphene quantum dot |
GST | glutathione S-transferase |
HA | Hyaluronic acid |
HAS-CS | human serum albumin coated with chitosan |
HBLL | human B cell leukemia and lymphoma |
HCC | Hepatocellular carcinoma |
HER3 | human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 |
His | hexahistidine |
HMME | is a photosensitizer |
HPA | heparanase |
HPAEG | poly(2-((2-(acryloyloxy)ethyl)disulfanyl)ethyl 4-cyano-4-(((propylthio)carbonothioyl)-thio)-pentanoate-co-poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate) |
HSP71 | heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein |
HTT | hyperthermia therapy |
IL-6R | interleukin-6 receptor |
IONP | Iron oxide nanoparticle |
KG6E | glutamic acid-modified dendritic poly(L-lysine) system |
KLA | (KLAKLAK)2 peptide |
LP-DNA | liposome-polycation-DNA |
MAA | methacrylamide |
MAGE | melanoma-associated peptide antigen |
MAL | maleimide |
MASI | N-(methacryloxy)succinimide |
MCS | Myristylated Chitosan |
MMA | methyl methacrylate |
MOF | (mesoporous) metal-organic framework |
MPC | mesoporous carbon |
MPEG | Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether |
M-PLGA | mannitol-functionalized poly(lactide-co-glycolide) |
MSN | Mesoporous silica nanoparticle |
mTEC | mouse tumor endothelial cell |
MDR | multiple drug resistance |
MUC1 | Mucin-1 |
NHS | N-hydroxysuccinimide |
NIR PLN | near infrared-persistent luminescence nanomaterials |
NMOF | amino-triphenyl dicarboxylate-bridged Zr4+ metal-organic framework nanoparticle |
NP | nanoparticle |
NSCLC | non-small cell lung cancer |
ONT | oligonucleotide |
PAA | polyacrylic acid |
PAM | Peptide amphiphile micelle |
PAMAM | polyamidoamine |
PBABT | poly (butylene adipate-co-butylene terephthalate) |
PCL | poly(ε-capro-lactone) |
PDA | hydrochloride dopamine |
PDGFR | platelet-derived growth factor receptor |
PEC | polyelectrolyte complexe |
PEEUA | polyethylenimine-urocanic acid |
PEG | polyethylene glycol |
PEI | polyethylene imine |
PF127 | Pluronic F127 |
PFK15 | 1-(4-pyridyl)-3-(2-quinoline)-2-propyl-1-one (an aerobic glycolysis inhibitor) |
PFOB | Perfluorooctylbromide |
PGFRβ | platelet-derived growth factor receptor β |
P-gp | P-glycoprotein |
PLA | poly(lactic acid) |
PLGA | poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) |
PLK1 | Polo-Like Kinase 1 |
PLL | poly (L-lysine) |
pPEGMA-PCL-pPEGMA | poly(poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate)-poly(caprolactone)-poly(poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate) |
PTK7 | protein tyrosine kinase-7 |
PTT | Photothermal therapy |
PVP | poly (N-vinylpyrrolidone) |
PβAE | poly (β amino ester) |
QD | quantum dot |
RBCm | red blood cell membrane |
SATB1 | special AT-rich sequence binding protein 1 |
SPION | superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles |
SPMFN | Superparamagnetic Ferroarabinogalactan Nanoparticles |
TAG-72 | tumor-associated glycoprotein 72 |
TD | thiolated dextran |
TiO2 | titanium dioxide |
TLR | Toll-like receptor TLR4-siRNA |
TM-JM1/2 | transmembrane-juxtamembrane 1/2 domain |
TMPyP | 5, 10, 15, 20-tetra (phenyl-4-N-methyl-4-pyridyl) porphyrin |
TMPyP4 | 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(1-methylpyridinium-4-yl) porphyrin |
TNBC | triple-negative breast cancer |
TPGS | D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate |
TSP | thermosensitive polymer |
UCNP | up-conversion luminescent |
NaYF4 | Yb(3+)/Er(3+) nanoparticle |
VEGF | vascular endothelial growth factor |
β-CD | β-cyclodextrin |
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Aptamer | Nanomaterial | Payload | Conjugation | Size (nm) | Target | Cancer/Cell Line | Level | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A10, RNA | PLA-PEG-COOH | Rho-labeled dextran | Direct #, covalent | ≈264 | PSMA | Prostate cancer | in vitro | [18] |
A10, RNA | PLGA-PEG-COOH | Docetaxel | Direct, covalent | ≈168 | PSMA | Prostate cancer | in vitro + in vivo | [19] |
A10, RNA | PLGA-PEG-COOH | Cisplatin | Direct, covalent | ≈155 | PSMA | Prostate cancer | in vitro | [20] |
sgc8c, DNA | Au-Ag nanorod | Photothermal therapy | Direct, thiol linkage | No data | CCRF-CEM cell | ALL | in vitro | [21] |
A10, RNA | SPION | Doxorubicin | Direct, covalent | 66.4 ± 1.5 | PSMA | LNCaP cell line | in vitro | [22] |
sgc8c, DNA | PAMAM dendrimer | None | Direct, covalent | ≈8 | CCRF-CEM cell | ALL | in vitro | [23] |
AS1411, DNA | Liposome | Cisplatin | Covalent, to cholesterol | ≈200 | Nucleolin | MCF-7 cells | in vitro | [24] |
S2.2, DNA | PLGA-COOH | Paclitaxel | Covalent, DNA spacer | ≈225.3 | Mucin-1 | Breast cancer | in vitro | [25] |
AS1411, DNA | PEG-PLGA | Paclitaxel | Direct, covalent | 156 ± 54.8 | Nucleolin | Glioma | in vitro + in vivo | [26] |
No name, DNA | DNA icosahedra | Doxorubicin | Direct, covalent | 28.6 ± 5.0 | Mucin-1 | MCF-7 cells | in vitro | [27] |
A9, RNA | SPION | Doxorubicin | ONT linker, base pairing | 65 ± 12 | PSMA | LNCaP cell line | in vitro + in vivo | [28] |
A9, RNA | ONT-PAMAM dendrimer | Doxorubicin | ONT linker, base pairing | No data | PSMA | Prostate cancer | in vitro + in vivo | [29] |
No name, RNA | QD-PMAT-PEI | siRNA | Chimera with siRNA | 66.3–76.5 | PSMA | C4–2B cells | in vitro | [30] |
XEO2mini, RNA | Hybrid lipid-polymer | Docetaxel | Direct, covalent | 50–100 | PC3 cells | Prostate cancer | in vitro | [31] |
AS1411, DNA | PLGA-lecithin-PEG | Paclitaxel | Covalent, to PEG | 60–110 | Nucleolin | GI-1 and MCF-7 cells | in vitro | [32] |
AS1411, DNA | PLGA | Paclitaxel | Direct, amide linking | ≈200 | Nucleolin | GI-1 cells | in vitro | [33] |
AS1411, DNA | PEG-PCL | Docetaxel, DiR, coumarin-6 | Direct, covalent | 170.6 | Nucleolin | bEnd.3 and C6 cells | in vitro + in vivo | [34] |
AS1411, DNA | Mesoporous silica | Gold nanorods * | ONT linker, base pairing | ≈60 | Nucleolin | MCF-7 cells | in vitro | [35] |
GMT8, DNA | PEG-PCL | Docetaxel | Direct, covalent | 111.9 ± 64.2 | U87 cells | glioblastoma | in vitro + in vivo | [36] |
AS1411, DNA | Gd:SrHap nanorod | Doxorubicin | Direct, covalent | 153 | Nucleolin | MCF-7 cells | in vitro | [37] |
AS1411, DNA | Mesoporous silica | Doxorubicin | Electrostatic binding | ≈140 | Nucleolin | MCF-7 cells | in vitro | [38] |
AS1411, DNA | Mesoporous silica | Fluorescein | Sulfo-GMBS linker | 190 | Nucleolin | MDA-MB-231 | in vitro | [39] |
Sgc8, DNA | Mesoporous silica | Doxorubicin | Avidin-biotin interaction | ≈150 | PTK7 | CEM cells | in vitro | [40] |
AS1411, DNA | Liposome | Doxorubicin | Covalent, to cholesterol | ≈200 | Nucleolin | MCF-7 breast cancer cells | in vitro + in vivo | [41] |
A10, RNA | H40-PLA-PEG | Doxorubicin | Covalent, to PEG | ≈69 | PSMA | CWR22Rν1 cells | in vitro + in vivo | [42] |
5TR1, DNA | SPION | Epirubicin | Direct, covalent | ≈57 | Mucin-1 | carcinoma C26 cells | in vitro | [43] |
No name, RNA | Hollow gold nanosphere | Doxorubicin | Direct, thiol–Au bonds | ≈42 | CD30 | Lymphoma | in vitro | [44] |
sgc8c, DNA | Aptamer DNA | Antisense ONT to P-gp | Direct, covalent | 218 | CCRF-CEM cell | ALL | in vitro | [45] |
Sgc8, DNA | DNA nanotrains | Gold, DOX, DNR, and EPI | Direct, covalent | No data | PTK7 | ALL | in vitro + in vivo | [46] |
No name, DNA | Dextran-ferric oxide | None (HTT) | PDPH linker | ≈70 | HER2 | SK-BR3 cells | in vitro | [47] |
AS1411, DNA | PLGA-PEG | Vinorelbine | Direct, covalent | <200 | Nucleolin | MDA-MB-231 cells | in vitro | [48] |
No name, DNA | Liposome | TSP | Avidin-biotin interaction | No data | PDGFR | Breast cancer cells | in vitro | [49] |
AS1411, DNA | PEGylated liposome | Anti-BRAF siRNA | Via PEG linker | ≈150 | Nucleolin | A375 tumor xenograft | in vivo | [50] |
No name, RNA | PLGA-lecithin-PEG | Curcumin | Direct, covalent | 90 ± 1.9 | EpCAM | HT29 cells | in vitro | [51] |
AS1411, DNA | pPEGMA-PCL-pPEGMA | Doxorubicin | Direct, covalent | ≈140 | Nucleolin | MCF-7 and PANC-1 cells | in vitro | [52] |
AS1411, DNA | Gold nanoparticle | Doxorubicin or AZD8055 | Dithiolane linker | No data | Nucleolin | MCF-7, el202 and OMM1.3 | in vitro | [53] |
A10, RNA and DUP-1 | PEG-gold nanostar | None (PTT) | Direct, di- sulfide bonds | 61.90 ±1.61 | Prostate cell | Prostate cancer | in vitro | [54] |
No name, DNA | Chitosan | SN38 | Direct, covalent | ≈200 | Mucin-1 | Colon cancer HT-29 cells | in vitro | [55] |
AS1411, DNA | Gold nanoparticle | Doxorubicin and TMPyP4 | Tethered by 21 bp DNA | 38.7 ± 1.4 | Nucleolin | HeLa and MCF-7R cells | in vitro | [15] |
No name, RNA | Liposome | Doxorubicin | Tethered by linker DNA | 90–100 | PSMA | LNCaP cells | in vitro + in vivo | [56] |
No name, DNA | Gold nanoparticle | Protein | With a His-tag | 83.0 ± 1.3 | His or GST | HeLa and A431 cells | in vitro + in vivo | [57] |
A10–3.2, RNA | PEG-PAMAM | MicroRNA | Direct, covalent | 177 ± 17.5 | PSMA | Prostate cancer | in vitro + in vivo | [58] |
A10–3.2, RNA | Atelocollagen | MicroRNA | Direct, covalent | 221 ± 6.9 | PSMA | Prostate cancer | in vivo | [59] |
AS1411, DNA | PF127-β-CD-PEG-PLA | Doxorubicin | Covalent, to PF127 | ≈39.15 | Nucleolin | MCF-7 cells | in vitro + in vivo | [60] |
No name, RNA | PLGA | Nutlin-3a | Direct, covalent | 292 ± 10 | EpCAM | ZR751, MCF-7, SKOV3 | in vivo | [61] |
No name, RNA | PLGA-PEG | Doxorubicin | Direct, amide linking | 136 ± 0.21 | EpCAM | Non-small cell lung cancer | in vitro + in vivo | [62] |
No name, RNA | PEI | EpCAM siRNA | Electrostatic interaction | 198 ± 14.2 | EpCAM | MCF-7 and WERI-Rb1 cells | in vivo | [63] |
HB5, DNA | Mesoporous silica-carbon | Doxorubicin | thiol-amine link to PEG | ≈140 | HER2 | SK-BR-3 cells | in vivo | [64] |
No name, DNA | Au–GO | None (PTT) | Direct, Au–S bond | No data | Mucin-1 | MCF-7 cells | in vivo | [65] |
sgc8c, DNA | Gold nanorod | Hyperthermia therapy | Direct, Au–S bond | No data | CCRF-CEM cell | ALL | in vitro | [66] * |
No name, RNA | PEG-PLGA | Doxorubicin | Direct, covalent | 136 ± 0.21 | EpCAM | MCF-7 cells | in vitro | [67] |
AS1411, DNA | MOF shell, UCNP core | Doxorubicin | Direct, covalent | ≈140 | Nucleolin | MCF-7 and 293 cells | in vitro | [68] |
No name, RNA | GPN | Gefitinib | Direct, covalent | No data | Ets1 | H1975 cells | in vitro + in vivo | [69] |
No name, DNA | Hyaluronan/Chitosan | 5-fluorouracil | Direct, covalent | 181 | Mucin-1 | Colorectal cancer | in vitro | [70] |
Cy5.5-AS1411 | GO and MSN | Doxorubicin | Non-covalent | No data | Nucleolin | MCF-7 cells | in vitro | [71] |
A15, RNA | PLGA-PEG-COOH | Salinomycin | Direct, covalent | 159.8 | CD133 | Osteosarcoma CSCs | in vitro + in vivo | [72] |
S2.2, DNA | Graphene oxide-gold | Doxorubicin | Thiol–Au bonds | No data | Mucin-1 | A549 and MCF-7 cells | in vitro | [73] |
A15, CL4; RNA | PLGA | Salinomycin | Direct, covalent | 139.7, 141.9 | CD133, EGFR | Hepatocellular carcinoma | in vitro + in vivo | [74] |
S2.2, DNA | ZnO nanoparticle | Doxorubicin | APTES linkage | 5–10 | Mucin-1 | MCF-7 cells | in vitro | [75] |
SRZ1, DNA | DOTAP:DOPE liposome | Doxorubicin | No data | ≈100 | 4T1 cells | 4T1 cells | in vitro + in vivo | [76] |
AS1411, DNA | Tocopheryl PEG-PβAE | Docetaxel | No data | 116.3 ± 12.4 | Nucleolin | SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells | in vitro | [77] |
No name, DNA | Chitosan and HA | SN38 | Direct, covalent | 129 ± 3.2 | Mucin-1 | HT29 cells | in vitro | [78] |
S6, DNA | Dendrimer | MicroRNA | Direct, covalent | 100–200 | A549 cells | NSCLC cells | in vitro | [79] |
AS1411, DNA | PLL-alkyl-PEI | shRNA | electrostatic coupling | 168–183 | Nucleolin | A549 cells | in vitro | [80] |
AS1411, DNA | GQD-FMSN | Doxorubicin | Direct, amide bond | 72.5 | Nucleolin | HeLa cells | in vitro | [81] |
KW16–13, DNA | PEG-gold nanorod | None (PTT) | Direct, covalent | No data | MCF10CA1h cell | Human breast duct carcinoma | in vitro | [82] |
No name, DNA | Au-SPION | Gold for PTT | Thiol–Au interaction | ≈39 | Mucin-1 | Colon cancer | in vitro | [83] |
MA3 | Iron | None (HTT) | Streptavidin-biotin, direct | ≈296 | Mucin-1 | MCF-7 cells | in vitro | [84] |
No name, RNA | Albumin | Cisplatin | Direct, amide bond | ≈40 | EGFR | Hela cell line | in vitro + in vivo | [85] |
No name, DNA | Human IgG | miR29b | Indirect, C12 spacer | 595.9 ±43.1 | Mucin-1 | A549 cells | in vitro | [86] |
sgc8c and AS1411 | Gold | Daunorubicin | Direct, covalent | No data | ALL and nucleolin | Molt-4 cells | in vitro | [87] |
No name, RNA | Gold | Antisense ONT | Spacer, covalent | <50 | CD33, CD34 | AML-M2 | in vitro | [88] |
No name, DNA | Mesoporous silica | Doxorubicin | Direct, covalent | 181 ± 6 | EpCAM | SW620 colon cancer cells | in vitro | [89] |
TSA14, RNA | PEGylated-liposome | Doxorubicin | Direct, covalent | 118 ± 2.2 | TUBO cells | Breast cancer | in vitro + in vivo | [90] |
DNA-RNA hybrid | SPION | Doxorubicin | DNA linker, streptavidin-biotin | No data | PSMA | Prostate cancer | in vitro | [91] |
AS1411, DNA | GC-rich dsDNA | Doxorubicin | Direct, covalent | 6.1 ± 0.7; 7.4 ± 0.4 | Nucleolin | Drug-resistant MCF-7 cells | in vitro | [92] |
AS1411, DNA | PEG-PLGA | Gemcitabine | Direct, covalent | 128 ± 5.23 | Nucleolin | A549 cells | in vitro | [93] |
AS1411, DNA | HPAEG | Doxorubicin | Direct, covalent | 93.7 | Nucleolin | MCF-7 and L929 cells | in vitro | [94] |
No name, DNA | DNA dendrimer | Epirubicin | No data | 36.4 | MUC1, AS1411 | MCF-7 and C26 cells | in vitro + in vivo | [95] |
A10, RNA | PLGA | Triplex forming oligonucleotide | Direct, covalent | No data | PSMA | LNCaP cells | in vitro | [96] |
No name, RNA | PLGA-PEG | Docetaxel | Direct, covalent | 93.6 | PSMA | LNCaP cells | in vitro + in vivo | [97] |
AS1411, DNA | M-PLGA–TPGS | Docetaxel | Direct, covalent | 130.1 ± 2.9 | Nucleolin | HeLa cells | in vitro + in vivo | [98] |
Endo28, DNA | 3WJ-RNA | Doxorubicin | Direct, covalent | 8.1 ± 1.5 | Annexin A2 | Ovarian cancer | in vitro + in vivo | [99] |
No name, DNA | HAS-CS | Paclitaxel | Acrylate spacer | 170 ± 4 | Mucin-1 | MCF-7 and T47D cells | in vitro | [100] |
AS1411, DNA | PEG-PAMAM dendrimer | 5-fluorouracil | Covalent, to PEG | No data | Nucleolin | Gastric cancer | in vitro | [101] |
Two, DNA | DGL-PEG | Doxorubicin ATP-aptamer | Covalent, to PEG | ≈38 | Nucleolin, Cyt c | Nucleolin+ HeLa cells | in vitro + in vivo | [102] |
No name, DNA | Iron oxide | None (HTT) | No data | No data | FGFR1 | Human osteosarcoma | in vitro | [103] |
A10, RNA | Liposome | CRISPR-Cas9 plasmid | Covalent, to DSPE-PEG | ≈150 | PSMA | Prostate cancer | in vitro + in vivo | [104] |
AS1411, DNA | PEG-PAMAM dendrimer | Camptothecin | Covalent, to PEG | ≈18 | Nucleolin | HT29 and C26 cells | in vitro + in vivo | [105] |
A6, DNA | Lipid-polymer liposome | siRNA | Direct, covalent | 270 ± 10; 237 ± 12 | HER2 | SKBR-3 and 4T1-R cells | in vitro | [106] |
No name, DNA | Chitosan- liposome | Erlotinib | Direct, covalent | 179.4 ± 1.16 | EGFR | EGFR-mutated cancer cells | in vitro | [107] |
AS42, DNA | Gold | None (PTT) | No data | ≈37 | Ehrlich’s ACC | Ehrlich carcinoma | in vivo | [108] |
No name, DNA | MCS nanogel | Doxorubicin | Direct, covalent | 15–25 | LNCaP cell | Prostate cancer | in vitro | [109] |
AS1411 + S2.2, DNA | Gold-coated liposome | Docetaxel | through S-Au bond | ≈200 | Mucin-1, Nucleolin | MCF-7 cells | in vitro + in vivo | [110] |
5TR1, DNA | PLGA-chitosan | Epirubicin | Electrostatic coupling | ≈222.7 | Mucin-1 | MCF-7 and C26 cells | in vitro + in vivo | [111] |
AS1411, DNA | Alkyl PAMAM dendrimer | Bcl-xL shRNA | Covalent and non-covalent | 148–230 | Nucleolin | A549 cells | in vitro | [112] |
Gint4.T | PLGA-PEG-COOH | PI3K-mTOR inhibitor | Direct, covalent | 52 ± 1 | PGFRβ | Glioblastoma U87MG cells | in vitro + in vivo | [113] |
No name, DNA | Mesoporous silica | Epirubicin | Via disulfide bonding | 258.5 ± 20.1 | Mucin-1 | MCF-7 cells | in vitro | [114] |
No name, DNA | Aminopropyl MSN | Safranin O | electrostatic + H-bonding | ≈407 | Mucin-1 | MDA-MB-231 cells | in vitro | [115] |
No name, DNA | Chitosan- liposome | PFOB and Erlotinib | Direct, covalent | ≈180 | EGFR | NSCLC cell lines | in vitro + in vivo | [116] |
No name, DNA | Au-Fe3O4 | None | Electrostatic absorption | 46 ± 3 | VEGF | SKOV-3 ovarian cancer cells | in vitro | [117] |
No name, DNA | MPC-PAA/PEI | Doxorubicin | Anchoring via EHH | No data | Mucin-1 | A549 and MCF-7 cells | in vitro | [118] |
A15, RNA | PLGA | Propranolol | Direct, covalent | 143.7± 24.6 | CD133 | Hemangioma | in vitro + in vivo | [119] |
AIR-3A, RNA | PEG-coated gold NP | None | Thiol–gold bonds | 2, 7, 36 | IL-6R | IL-6R-carrying cells | in vitro | [120] |
No name, DNA | PDA/PEG- coated MSN | DM1 | Direct, covalent | 203.75 ±2.37 | EpCAM | Colorectal cancer | in vitro + in vivo | [121] |
AS-14, DNA | Gold-coated magnetic NP | None, using magnetic field | Thiolated ONT primer | 50 (GMNP) | Fibronectin protein | Ehrlich carcinoma | in vivo | [122] |
AS1411, DNA | Chitosan-ss-PEEUA | TLR4-siRNA, Doxorubicin | Direct, covalent | 124.6 ± 1.068 | Nucleolin | A549 cells | in vitro + in vivo | [123] |
FKN-S2, DNA | PEG-aptamer micelle | None or Aptamer | ssDNA-amphiphile | No data | Fractalkine | Colon adeno-carcinoma | in vitro + in vivo | [124] |
No name, DNA | Ursolic acid, Doxorubicin | Ursolic acid, Doxorubicin | Electrostatic interactions | ≈108.9 | HER2 | HER2-carrying cells | in vitro + in vivo | [125] |
No name, DNA | PEG-SPION | Doxorubicin | Direct, covalent | 5–64 | Mucin-1 | MCF-7 cells | in vitro | [126] |
Two, DNA | NMOF | Doxorubicin | Hybridization | ≈130 | Nucleolin, VEGF | MDA-MB-231 | in vitro | [127] |
5TR1, DNA | PEI-PEG and Na2SeO3 | Epirubicin and an aptamer | Covalent, to PEG | No data | Mucin-1 | MCF-7 and C26 cells | in vitro + in vivo | [128] |
No name, DNA | Liposome | Doxorubicin | Amino- carboxyl | 170 ± 25 | HER3 | MCF-7 breast cancer cells | in vitro + in vivo | [129] |
No name, DNA | DNA nano-ring | Doxorubicin | Incorporated in DNA ring | ≈29 (DNA ring) | Mucin-1 | MCF-7 breast cancer cells | in vitro | [130] |
A10–3.2, RNA | Cationic nanobubble | FoxM1 siRNA | Direct, covalent | 479.83 ± 24.50 | PSMA | LNCaP cells | in vitro + in vivo | [131] |
No name, DNA | DNA micelle | Doxorubicin, KLA peptide | No data | 371 | Mucin-1 | MCF-7 cells | in vitro + in vivo | [132] |
No name, DNA | Lipid-polymer | Salinomycin | Thiolated, direct | 96.3 ± 9.8 | CD20 | Melanoma stem cells | in vitro + in vivo | [133] |
No name, RNA | Polymer-lipid | Salinomycin | Thiolated, direct | 95 | EGFR | Osteosarcoma CSCs | in vitro | [134] |
trCLN3, DNA | Lipidated GC-rich DNA hairpin | Doxorubicin, 2′,6′-dimethyl azobenzene | Lipid-mediated self-assembly | 21.2 ± 1.5 | cMet | cMet-expressing H1838 cells | in vitro | [135] |
TLS1c, DNA | Liposome | Cabazitaxel | Avidin-biotin interaction | 90.10 ± 2.71 | MEAR cells | Hepatoma | in vitro + in vivo | [136] |
No name, DNA | PBABT | Docetaxel | Direct, covalent | 274.7 ± 46.1 | HER2 | Epithelixal ovarian cancer | in vitro + in vivo | [137] |
No name, DNA | BSA-PEG-Fe3+ | Mn, Doxorubicin | GAG-linker, base-match | No data | Glut-1 | HepG-2 cells | in vitro + in vivo | [138] |
AS1411 | TD-PEC- chitosan | miR-145 | Electrostatic bonds with chitosan | 40–270 | Nucleolin | MCF-7 cells | in vitro + in vivo | [139] |
No name, DNA | DNA | ALK-siRNA, Doxorubicin | Direct, covalent | 59 | CD30 | ALCL | in vitro + in vivo | [140] |
No name, DNA | Human IgG | MicroRNA | Direct, covalent | 595 | Mucin-1 | Non-small cell lung cancer | in vitro + in vivo | [141] |
S15, DNA | Quantum dots | None | Direct, covalent | No data | NSCLC | A549 cells | in vitro | [142] |
A15, CL4; RNA | Lipid-polymer | Salinomycin | Direct, covalent | 110.2 ± 12.1 | CD133, EGFR | Osteosarcoma cells and CSCs | in vitro + in vivo | [143] |
No name, DNA | PEG-Au- PAMAM | Curcumin | Covalent, C6 linker | 5.23 ± 4.12 | Mucin-1 | HT29 and C26 cells | in vitro + in vivo | [144] |
No name, RNA | Liposome | Docetaxel | Covalent, to DSPE-PEG | 116.5 ± 9.3 | CD133 | A549 cells | in vitro + in vivo | [145] |
5TR1, DNA | PEGylated liposome | Doxorubicin | No data | 120 ± 1.8 | Mucin1 | C26 cells | in vitro + in vivo | [146] |
AS1411, DNA | Bovine serum albumin | Doxorubicin | Direct, amidation | 163 ± 2.5 | Nucleolin | MCF-7 cells | in vitro | [147] |
No name, DNA | Copper oxide | mRNA 29b | Direct, amide linking | ≈40 | Mucin 1 | A549 cells | in vitro | [148] |
Sgc8c, DNA | Fe3O4-carbon | Doxorubicin | Direct, covalent | No data | No data | A549 cells | in vitro + in vivo | [149] |
A9, RNA | Gold | None (PTT) | No data | ≈70 | PSMA | LNCaP cells | in vitro | [150] |
No name, DNA | Gold nanoshell | None (PTT) | Direct, thiol–Au bonds | No data | Mucin 1 | A549, MCF-7 3D cell culture | in vitro | [151] |
C10.36, DNA | PAM (peptide + DNA ONT) | Peptide | Base pairing | 110 ± 30 | HBLL | B-cell leukemia cells | in vitro | [152] |
No name, RNA | LP-DNA | SATB1 siRNA | Thiolated, direct | 161.2 ± 11.3 | EGFR | Choriocarcinoma | in vivo | [153] |
AS1411, DNA | PEGylated PLGA | anti-miR-21, cisplatin (CIS) | Direct, covalent | 142.4 ± 5.9 106.6 ± 5.9 | Nucleolin | CIS-resistant A2780 cells | in vitro | [154] |
No name, RNA | Lipid-PLGA | All-trans retinoic acid | Thiolated, direct | 129.9 | CD133 | Lung cancer initiating cells | in vitro | [155] |
S15, DNA | PEG-PCL | Paclitaxel | Direct, amide linking | ≈15 | NSCLC | A549 cells | in vitro | [156] |
S2.2, DNA | Elastin-like polypeptide | Paclitaxel | Via gene A’ protein | No data | Mucin-1 | MCF-7 cells | in vitro | [157] |
5TR1, DNA | PβAE and PLGA | Epirubicin, antimir-21 | Direct, covalent | 210.4 ±10.14 | Mucin-1 | MCF-7 cells | in vitro + in vivo | [158] |
No name, RNA | Lipid-polymer | All-trans retinoic acid | Thiolated, direct | 129.9 | CD133 | Osteosarcoma initiating cells | in vitro | [159] |
No name, DNA | Calcium carbonate | Epirubicin, and melittin | Avidin-biotin interaction | >300 | Mucin-1 | MCF-7 and C26 cells | in vitro + in vivo | [160] |
ACE4 | Diacetylene-PEG | None | 31 G spacer, base pairing | ≈13 | Annexin A2 | MCF-7 cells | in vitro | [161] |
No name, DNA | Human IgG | Genistein and miRNA-29b | C12 spacer, covalent | 598 ± 34.1 | Mucin-1 | A549 cell line | in vitro | [162] |
No name, DNA | Lipid-quantum dot | siRNA | Direct, covalent | No data | EGFR | Triple-negative breast cancer | in vitro + in vivo | [163] |
HB5, DNA | Human serum albumin | Curcumin | Direct, covalent | 281.1 ± 11.1 | HER2 | SK-BR-3 cells | in vitro | [164] |
AS1411, DNA | Magnetic SPION/MSN | Doxorubicin | Direct, covalent | 89 | Nucleolin | MCF-7 cells | in vitro | [165] |
AS1411, DNA | Albumin-IONP/GNP | Doxorubicin | Direct, covalent | ≈120 | Nucleolin | MCF-7 and SKBR3 cells | in vitro | [166] |
C2NP, DNA | PEG-PLGA | Doxorubicin | Direct, covalent | 168.07 ± 2.72 | CD30 | Large cell lymphoma | in vitro | [167] |
AS1411, DNA | Liposome | Paclitaxel and PLK1 siRNA | DSPE-PEG-MAL | 121.27 ± 2.51 | Nucleolin | MCF-7 cells | in vitro + in vivo | [168] |
AS1411, DNA | Liposome | Aptamer- doxorubicin | Not Applicable | ≈128.6 | Nuclear nucleolin | MCF-7/Adr cells | in vitro | [169] |
AS1411, DNA | PEGylated liposome | 5-fluorouracil | Via PEG linker | 190 ± 15 | Nuclear nucleolin | Basal cell carcinoma | in vitro | [170] |
HApt, DNA | β-CD-capped MSN | Doxorubicin | Thiolated to β-CD | 218.2 ±6.1 | HER2 | HER2-positive cells | in vitro | [16] |
AS1411, DNA | SPION | Daunomycin, TMPyP | Amide bond, direct | 15–20 | Nucleolin | A549 and C26 cells | in vitro | [171] |
S1.5, DNA | PEGylated PLGA | Docetaxel | Carbodiimide coupling | 142.7± 12.3 | HPA | TNBC cells | in vitro + in vivo | [172] |
No name, DNA | Mesoporous MnO2 | HMME | Direct, covalent | ≈200 | Mucin 1 | MCF-7 cells | in vitro + in vivo | [173] |
AS1411, DNA | PLGA, PVP | Doxorubicin | Direct, covalent | ≈87.168 | Nucleolin | A549 cells | in vitro + in vivo | [174] |
No name, DNA | DNA hydrogel | CpG ONT and Doxorubicin | Covalent, to CpG ONT | 50.1 ± 2.82 | Mucin-1 | MCF-7 cells | in vitro | [175] |
AS1411, DNA; (HA) | Micro-emulsion | Shikonin and docetaxel | Direct, thiolated | ≈30 | Nucleolin; (CD44) | Glioma | in vitro, model | [176] |
No name, DNA | Cationic liposome | miR-139–5p | Direct, covalent | 150.3 ±8.8 | EpCAM | Colorectal Cancer | in vitro + in vivo | [177] |
Sgc8, DNA | MSN | Doxorubicin | Direct, covalent | 103.24 | PTK7 | CCRF-CEM cells | in vitro | [178] |
GMT8, Gint4.T; DNA | DNA | Paclitaxel | Direct, covalent | 17.78 | U87MG cell, PDGFRβ | Glioblastoma | in vitro | [179] |
AS1411, DNA | Derived from erythrocytes | Doxorubicin, siRNA | Covalent to cholesterol via 6-A bases | ≈100 | Nucleolin | MDR MCF-7 cells | in vitro | [180] |
TA6, DNA | DNA nanotrain | AKT inhibitor, Doxorubicin | Direct, covalent | No data | CD44 | Breast cancer stem cells | in vitro + in vivo | [181] |
A15, RNA | Liposome | Curcumin | Direct, thiol-maleimide | 86.6 ± 4.5 | CD133 | DU145 cells | in vitro + in vivo | [182] |
AS1411, DNA | Silver-PEG | None (irradiation) | Amide bond to PEG | 18.82 ± 2.1 | Nucleolin | Glioma | in vitro + in vivo | [183] |
U2, DNA | Gold | None | Direct, Au-S bond | ≈60.23 | EGFR | Glioblastoma | in vitro + in vivo | [184] |
M49, DNA | PEGylated liposome | Doxorubicin | Covalent, to PEG | No data | CD200R1 | 4THM breast carcinoma | in vivo | [185] |
TC01, Sgc4f, and Sgc8; DNA | DNA ONT | Doxorubicin | DNA ONT hybridization | No data | Multiple cancers and PTK7 | CCRF-CEM cells | in vitro + in vivo | [186] |
No name, DNA | DNA origami | Antisense ONT, doxorubicin | Extended sequences | 4.17 ± 0.12 (height) | Mucin-1 | HeLa/ADR cells | in vitro | [187] |
LZH5B, DNA | DNA nanotrain | Doxorubicin | Hybridization | No data | HepG2 cell | HepG2 cell line | in vitro | [188] |
No name, DNA | SPION@SiO2 | Doxorubicin | Direct, covalent | 5–27 | Mucin-1 | MCF-7 cells | in vitro | [189] |
AS1411, DNA | Upconversion nanoparticle | Protoporphyrin IX | Direct, covalent | 120 ± 4 | Nucleolin | HeLa and A549 cells | in vitro | [190] |
AS-14, AS-42; DNA | SPMFN | Doxorubicin | Glycosidic linkages | No data | FN, HSP71 | Ehrlich carcinoma cells | in vitro + in vivo | [191] |
AS1411, DNA | Gold | Anti-miR-155 | PolyA linker sequence | ≈30 | Nucleolin | MCF-7 cells | in vitro | [192] |
L5, etc., DNA | PLGA | Docetaxel | Direct, covalent | 156.9 ± 42.97 | Not clear yet | HepG2 and Huh-7 cells | in vitro + in vivo | [193] |
L5, DNA | PLGA | Docetaxel | Direct, covalent | 211.9–236.1 | TAG-72 | HepG2 and Huh-7 cells | in vitro | [194] |
LXL, DNA | RNA hydrogel | siRNA and miRNA | No data | ≈200 | MDA-MB-231 cell | Triple-negative breast cancer | in vitro + in vivo | [195] |
AS1411, DNA | CaCO3 and protamine | CRISPR-Cas9 plasmid | Covalent, to HA | 230–320 | Nucleolin | H1299 cells | in vitro | [196] |
No name, RNA | Hollow gold nanosphere | Doxorubicin | Thiolated | ≈42 (25–55) | CD30 | Karpas 299 cells | in vitro | [197] |
C2NP, DNA | DNA nanotube | Doxorubicin | By extending staples | 140 × 14 (L × W) | CD30 | K299 cells | in vitro | [198] |
No name, DNA | ssDNA-ELP | Docetaxel | Covalent, to ELP | 10–40 | Mucin-1 | MCF-7 cells | in vitro | [199] |
No name, DNA | Magnetic nanosphere | Doxorubicin | Streptavidin-biotin | No data | EpCAM | MCF-7 cells (CTCs) | in vitro | [200] |
AS1411, DNA | DNA nanotrains | DOX, EPI, and DAU | Base pairing | No data | Nucleolin | HeLa cells | in vitro | [201] |
No name, RNA | Protamine | Doxorubicin, ALK-siRNA | Non-covalent | No data | CD30 | ALCL | in vitro | [202] |
AS1411, DNA | TiO2 nanofiber with BSA | None | Streptavidin-biotin | 81.33 ± 25.70 | AS1411, DNA | MCF-7 cells (CTCs) | in vitro | [203] |
AS1411, DNA | Gold and liposome | Morin | Covalent, Au-S | No data | Nucleolin | SGC-7901 cells | in vitro + in vivo | [204] |
AS1411, DNA | GO Nanosheet | Berberine derivative | NH2-(CH2)6 linker | 30–50 × 2–3 | Nucleolin | A549 cells | in vitro | [205] |
AS1411, DNA | DNA Holliday junction | Doxorubicin | Phospho-diester bond | 12.45 ± 2.16 | Nucleolin | CT26 colon cancer cells | in vitro | [206] |
Syl3c, DNA | PEGylated liposome | Doxorubicin | Covalent, to PEG | 110 ± 5 | EpCam | C26 Colon Carcinoma | in vitro + in vivo | [207] |
No name, DNA | Ag-MOF-RBCm | PFK15 | Inserted into RBCm | ≈109 | CD20 | B-cell lymphoma | in vitro + in vivo | [208] |
No name, DNA | PCL-MMA/MPEG-MASI | Doxorubicin | Covalent, to NHS group | ≈124 | EpCAM | HT29 cells | in vitro | [209] |
AS1411, DNA | FO-loaded MOF-RBCm | Using PDT and CDT effects | Inserted via cholesterol | 110–140 | Nucleolin | KB cells | in vitro + in vivo | [210] |
MAGE-A3, DNA | NIR PLN | Afatinib | By a disulfide bond | 225 | MAGE | NSCLC | in vitro + in vivo | [211] |
A10-3.2, RNA | Lipid-polymer hybrid | Curcumin and Cabazitaxel | Covalent, to PEG | 121.3 ± 4.2 | PSMA | Prostate cancer | in vitro + in vivo | [212] |
A6, DNA | DOTAP, Mal-PEG, cholesterol, PLGA | P-gp siRNA | Covalent, to Mal-PEG | No data | HER2 | DOX-resistant 4T1 cells | in vitro | [213] |
Wy5a, DNA | PLGA-PEG-COOH | Docetaxel | Amide bond with spacer | ≈154.3 | PC-3 cell | Prostate cancer | in vitro + in vivo | [214] |
Type of Nanoparticle | Payloads | Aptamers | Targets | Cancers | References | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Polymer based nanoparticles | PLA-PEG | Rhodamine-labeled dextran | A10 | PSMA | Prostate cancer, | [18] |
PLGA-PEG | Cisplatin, Docetaxel, Doxorubicin, Gemcitabine, Paclitaxel, Salinomycin, Vinorelbine, PI3K-mTOR inhibitor, anti-miR-21, and cisplatin, | A10, A15, AS1411, C2NP, EpCAM-Ap, Gint4.T, PSMA-Ap, S1.5, Wy5a | CD30, CD133, EpCAM, HPA, Nucleolin, PC-3 cell, PGFRβ, PSMA | Breast cancer, glioblastoma, glioma, large cell lymphoma, lung cancer, NSCLC, osteosarcoma, cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, TNBC | [22,29,35,57,71,76,81,102,6,122,163,176,181,223] | |
PLGA | Docetaxel, Paclitaxel, Nutlin-3a, Salinomycin, Triplex forming oligonucleotide, Propranolol | A10, A15, AS1411, L5, S2.2, EpCAM-Ap | PSMA, CD133, EGFR, MUC1, Nucleolin, TAG-72 | Breast cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, hemangioma, human glial cancer, prostate cancer | [34,42,83,105,128,203] | |
PEG-PCL | Docetaxel | AS1411, GMT8, S15 | Nucleolin, NSCLC, U87 cells | Glioblastoma, glioma, lung cancer | [43,45,165] | |
H40-PLA-PEG | Doxorubicin | A10 | PSMA | Prostate cancer | [42] | |
pPEGMA-PCL-pPEGMA | Doxorubicin | AS1411 | Nucleolin | Pancreatic carcinoma | [52] | |
PEG-PAMAM | MicroRNA | A10–3.2 | PSMA | Prostate cancer | [58] | |
PF127-β-CD-PEG-PLA | Doxorubicin | AS1411 | Nucleolin | Breast cancer | [60] | |
PEI | EpCAM-siRNA | EpCAM-Ap | EpCAM | Breast cancer, retinoblastoma | [63] | |
GPN | Gefitinib | Ets1-Ap | Ets1 | NSCLC | [69] | |
PLL-alkyl-PEI | shRNA | AS1411 | Nucleolin | Lung cancer | [80] | |
HPAEG | Doxorubicin | AS1411 | Nucleolin | Breast cancer | [94] | |
M-PLGA–TPGS | Docetaxel | AS1411 | Nucleolin | Cervical cancer | [98] | |
PBABT | Docetaxel | HER2-Ap | HER2 | Ovarian cancer | [137] | |
PβAE and PLGA | Epirubicin and antimir-21 | 5TR1 | MUC1 | Breast cancer | [158] | |
PLGA, PVP | Doxorubicin | AS1411 | Nucleolin | Lung cancer | [174] | |
PCL-MMA/MPEG-MASI | Doxorubicin | EpCAM-Ap | EpCAM | Colorectal cancer | [209] | |
Lipid based nanoparticles | Liposome | Curcumin, Doxorubicin, Cabazitaxel, Cisplatin, CRISPR-Cas9 plasmid, Docetaxel, Doxorubicin, Paclitaxel, and PLK1 siRNA, TSP | A10, A15, AS1411, HER3-Ap, PSMA-Ap, TLS1c | CD133, HER3, MEAR cells, Nucleolin, PSMA, PDGFR | Breast cancer, DOX-resistant breast cancer, Hepatoma, lung cancer, prostate cancer, | [33,50,58,65,113,138,145,154,178,191] |
PEGylated-liposome | 5-FU, Doxorubicin, Anti-BRAF siRNA | 5TR1, AS1411, M49, Syl3c, TSA14, | CD200R1, EpCAM, Mucin1, Nucleolin, TUBO cells | Basal cell carcinoma, breast cancer, colon carcinoma, melanoma | [50,90,146,170,185,207] | |
DOTAP:DOPE liposome | Doxorubicin | SRZ1 | 4T1 cells | Breast cancer | [76] | |
Cationic liposome | miR-139–5p | EpCAM-Ap | EpCAM | Colorectal Cancer | [177] | |
Chitosan based nanoparticles | Chitosan | SN38 | MUC1-Ap | MUC1 | Colon cancer | [55] |
Chitosan and HA | SN38 | MUC1-Ap | MUC1 | Colorectal adenocarcinoma | [78] | |
HAS-CS | Paclitaxel | MUC1-Ap | MUC1 | Breast cancer | [100] | |
Dendrimer based nanoparticles | Dendrimer | MicroRNA | S6, sgc8c | A549 cell, CCRF-CEM | ALL, NSCLC | [23,79] |
ONT-PAMAM dendrimer | Doxorubicin | A9 | PSMA | Prostate cancer | [29] | |
PEG-PAMAM dendrimer | 5-fluorouracil, Camptothecin | AS1411 | Nucleolin | Colorectal cancer, Gastric cancer | [101,105] | |
DGL-PEG | Doxorubicin, ATP-aptamer | AS1411, Cyt c-Ap | Nucleolin, Cyt c | Cervical cancer | [102] | |
Alkyl PAMAM dendrimer | Bcl-xL shRNA | AS1411 | Nucleolin | Lung cancer | [112] | |
Hydrogel based nanoparticles | MCS nanogel | Doxorubicin | LNCaP-Ap | LNCaP cell | Prostate cancer | [109] |
DNA Hydrogel | CpG ONT and Doxorubicin | MUC1-Ap | MUC1 | Breast cancer | [175] | |
RNA Hydrogel | siRNA and miRNA | LXL | MDA-MB-231 cell | Triple-negative breast cancer | [195] | |
Nucleic acid based nanoparticles | DNA icosahedra | Doxorubicin | MUC1-Ap | MUC1 | Breast cancer | [27] |
Aptamer DNA | Antisense ONT against P-gp | sgc8c | CCRF-CEM cell | ALL | [45] | |
GC-rich dsDNA | Doxorubicin | AS1411 | Nucleolin | Drug-resistant breast cancer | [92] | |
DNA dendrimer | Epirubicin | MUC1-Ap, AS1411-Ap | MUC1, AS1411 | Breast and colon cancers | [95] | |
3WJ-RNA | Doxorubicin | Endo28 | Annexin A2 | Ovarian cancer | [99] | |
DNA nano-ring | Doxorubicin | MUC1-Ap | MUC1 | Breast cancer | [130] | |
Lipidated GC-rich DNA hairpin | Doxorubicin and 2′,6′-dimethyl-azobenzene | trCLN3 | cMet | cMet-expressing lung cancer | [135] | |
DNA | ALK-siRNA, Doxorubicin, Paclitaxel | CD30-Ap, Gint4.T, GMT8, Sgc4f, Sgc8, TC01 | cancer cells, CD30, PDGFRβ, PTK7, U87MG cell | ALCL, ALL, Glioblastoma | [140,179,186] | |
DNA origami | Antisense ONT, doxorubicin | MUC1-Ap | MUC1 | MDR cervical cancer | [187] | |
DNA nanotube | Doxorubicin | C2NP | CD30 | Human anaplastic large cell lymphoma | [198] | |
DNA nanotrain | AKT inhibitor, DAU, DOX, DNR, EPI, Gold | AS1411, LZH5B, Sgc8, TA6 | CD44, HepG2 cell, nucleolin, PTK7 | ALL, Breast cancer stem cell, cervical cancer, liver cancer | [46,181,188,201] | |
DNA Holliday junction | Doxorubicin | AS1411 | Nucleolin | Colon cancer | [206] | |
Protein/peptide based nanoparticles | Albumin | Cisplatin, Curcumin, Doxorubicin | AS1411, EGFR-Ap, HB5 | EGFR, HER2, nucleolin | Breast cancer, cervical cancer | [85,147,164] |
Human IgG | Genistein, miRNA-29b | MUC1-Ap | MUC1 | NSCLC | [86,141,162] | |
Elastin-like polypeptide | Paclitaxel | S2.2 | MUC1 | Breast cancer | [157] | |
Human serum albumin | ||||||
Protamine | Doxorubicin, ALK-siRNA | CD30-Ap | CD30 | Lymphoma | [202] | |
Polymer and lipid hybrids | PLGA-lecithin-PEG | Paclitaxel, Curcumin | AS1411, EpCAM | Nucleolin | Breast cancer, colorectal adenocarcinoma | [32,51] |
PLGA-lipid-PEG | Docetaxel | XEO2mini | PC3 cells | Prostate cancer | [31] | |
Lipid-polymer liposome | siRNA | A6 | HER2 | Breast cancer | [106] | |
Polymer-lipid | All-trans retinoic acid, Curcumin and Cabazitaxel, Salinomycin | A10–3.2, A15, CD20-Ap, CD133-Ap, CL4, EGFR-Ap | CD20, CD133, EGFR, PSMA | Melanoma, osteosarcoma, prostate cancer | [133,134,143,159,212] | |
Lipid-PLGA | All-trans retinoic acid | CD133-Ap | CD133 | Lung cancer | [155] | |
DOTAP, PLGA, cholesterol, Mal-PEG | P-gp siRNA | A6 | HER2 | DOX-resistant breast cancer | [213] | |
Polymer and chitosan hybrids | PLGA-chitosan | Epirubicin | 5TR1 | MUC1 | Breast cancer, colon carcinoma | [111] |
Chitosan-ss-PEEUA | TLR4-siRNA, Doxorubicin | AS1411 | Nucleolin | Lung cancer | [123] | |
Chitosan and lipid hybrids | Chitosan-liposome | Erlotinib | EGFR-Ap | EGFR | EGFR-mutated cancer cells | [107] |
Chitosan-liposome | PFOB and Erlotinib | EGFR-Ap | EGFR | NSCLC | [116] | |
Nucleic acid and peptide hybrids | KLA-DNA micelle | Doxorubicin+KLA | MUC1-Ap | MUC1 | Breast cancer | [132] |
PAM (peptide +DNA ON) | Peptide | C10.36 | HBLL | B-cell leukemia | [152] | |
ssDNA-ELP | Docetaxel | MUC1-Ap | MUC1 | Breast cancer | [199] | |
Other organic nanoparticles | Atelocollagen | MicroRNA | A10–3.2 | PSMA | Prostate cancer | [59] |
Tocopheryl PEG-PβAE | Docetaxel | AS1411 | Nucleolin | Ovarian cancer | [77] | |
PEG-aptamer micelle | None or Aptamer | FKN-S2 | Fractalkine | Colon adeno-carcinoma | [124] | |
Ursolic acid | Doxorubicin | HER2-Ap | HER2 | HER2-carrying cells | [125] | |
TD-PEC-chitosan | miR-145 | AS1411 | Nucleolin | Breast cancer | [139] | |
LP-DNA | SATB1 siRNA | EGFR-Ap | EGFR | Choriocarcinoma | [153] | |
Diacetylene-PEG | None | ACE4 | Annexin A2 | Breast cancer | [161] | |
Inorganic nanoparticles | Au-Ag | Photothermal therapy | sgc8c | CCRF-CEM cell | ALL | [21] |
Gold | Anti-miR-155, Antisense ONT, Daunorubicin, Doxorubicin, TMPyP4, PTT | A9, AIR-3A, AS1411, As42, CD30-Ap, CD33/CD34-Ap, KW16–13, MUC1-Ap, sgc8c, U2 | CCRF-CEM, CD30, CD33/CD34, EGFR, Ehrlich’s ACC, IL-6R, MCF10CA1h, MUC1, nucleolin, PSMA | ALL, AML, breast cancer, cervical cancer, Ehrlich carcinoma, glioblastoma, human breast duct carcinoma, lymphoma, lung cancer, prostate cancer | [15,44,53,54,66,82,87,88,108,120,150,151,184,192,197] | |
Mesoporous silica | Doxorubicin, Epirubicin, Fluorescein, gold nanorods | AS1411, Sgc8, EpCAM-Ap, MUC1-Ap | Nucleolin, PTK7, EpCAM, MUC1 | ALL, breast cancer, human T cell leukemia, colon cancer | [35,38,39,40,89,114,178] | |
Mesoporous silica–carbon | Doxorubicin | HB5 | HER2 | Breast cancer | [64] | |
Graphene oxide-gold | Doxorubicin, None (PTT) | S2.2, MUC1-Ap | MUC1 | Breast cancer, lung cancer | [65,73] | |
Graphene oxide-MSN | Doxorubicin | Cy5.5-AS1411 | Nucleolin | Breast cancer | [71] | |
ZnO | Doxorubicin | S2.2 | MUC1 | Breast cancer | [75] | |
GQD-FMSN | Doxorubicin | AS1411 | Nucleolin | Cervical cancer | [81] | |
Iron | None (HTT) | MA3 | MUC1 | Breast cancer | [84] | |
Au-Fe3O4 | None | VEGF-Ap | VEGF | Ovarian cancer | [117] | |
Copper oxide | mRNA 29b | MUC1-Ap | MUC1 | Lung cancer | [148] | |
Calcium carbonate | Epirubicin, and melittin | MUC1-Ap | MUC1 | Breast cancer | [160] | |
Mesoporous MnO2 | HMME | MUC1-Ap | MUC1 | Breast cancer | [173] | |
Silver-PEG | Irradiation | AS1411 | Nucleolin | Glioma | [183] | |
Graphene oxide sheets | Berberine derivative | AS1411 | Nucleolin | Lung cancer | [205] | |
Quantum dot based nanoparticles | Quantum dots | None | S15 | NSCLC | Lung cancer | [142] |
QD-PMAT-PEI | siRNA | PSMA-Ap | PSMA | Prostate cancer | [30] | |
Lipid-quantum dot | siRNA | EGFR-Ap | EGFR | Triple-negative breast cancer | [163] | |
Magnetic nanoparticles | SPION | Epirubicin, Doxorubicin, Daunomycin and TMPyP | 5TR1, A9, A10, AS1411, DNA-RNA hybrid | MUC1, Nucleolin, PSMA | Colon cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, prostate cancer | [22,28,43,91,171] |
Dextran-ferric oxide | None | HER2-Ap | HER2 | Human adenocarcinoma | [47] | |
Au-SPION | None | MUC1-Ap | MUC1 | Colon cancer | [83] | |
Iron oxide | None (HTT) | FGFR1-Ap | FGFR1 | Human osteosarcoma | [103] | |
Gold-coated magnetic NP | None | AS-14 | Fibronectin protein | Ehrlich carcinoma | [122] | |
PEG-SPION | Doxorubicin | MUC1-Ap | MUC1 | Breast cancer | [126] | |
Fe3O4-carbon | Doxorubicin | Sgc8c-Ap | Sgc8c | Lung cancer | [149] | |
Magnetic SPION/MSN | Doxorubicin | AS1411 | Nucleolin | Breast cancer | [165] | |
SPMFN | Doxorubicin | AS-14 and AS-42 | FN and HSP71 | Ehrlich carcinoma | [191] | |
SPION@SiO2 | Doxorubicin | MUC1-Ap | MUC1 | Breast cancer | [189] | |
Magnetic nanosphere | Doxorubicin | EpCAM-Ap | EpCAM | Breast cancer | [200] | |
Other inorganic nanoparticles | Gd:SrHap | Doxorubicin | AS1411 | Nucleolin | Breast cancer | [37] |
Organic and inorganic hybrids | MOF-UCNP | Doxorubicin | AS1411 | Nucleolin | Breast cancer | [68] |
Gold-liposome | Docetaxel, Morin | AS1411, S2.2 | Nucleolin, MUC1 | Breast cancer, gastric cancer | [119,213] | |
Aminopropyl MSN | Safranin O | MUC1-Ap | MUC1 | Breast cancer | [115] | |
MPC-PAA/PEI | Doxorubicin | MUC1-Ap | MUC1 | Breast cancer, lung cancer | [118] | |
PDA/PEG- coated MSN | DM1 | EpCAM-Ap | EpCAM | Colorectal cancer | [121] | |
NMOF | Doxorubicin | AS1411, VEGF-Ap | Nucleolin, VEGF | Breast cancer | [127] | |
PEI-PEG and Na2SeO3 | Epirubicin and an aptamer | 5TR1 | MUC1 | Breast cancer | [128] | |
BSA-PEG-Fe3+ | Mn, Doxorubicin | Glut-1-Ap | Glut-1 | Liver cancer | [138] | |
PEG-Au- PAMAM | Curcumin | MUC1-Ap | MUC1 | Colon adenocarcinoma | [144] | |
Albumin-IONP/GNP | Doxorubicin | AS1411 | Nucleolin | Breast cancer | [166] | |
β-CD-capped MSN | Doxorubicin | HApt | HER2 | HER2-positive cells | [16] | |
CaCO3 and protamine | CRISPR-Cas9 plasmid | AS1411 | Nucleolin | NSCLC | [196] | |
TiO2 nanofiber with BSA | None | AS1411 | Nucleolin | Breast cancer CTCs | [203] | |
Others | Cationic nanobubble | FoxM1 siRNA | A10–3.2 | PSMA | Prostate cancer | [131] |
Micro-emulsion | Shikonin and docetaxel | AS1411 and HA | Nucleolin and CD44 | Glioma | [176] | |
RBC membrane | Doxorubicin, siRNA | AS1411 | Nucleolin | MDR breast cancer | [180] | |
Upconversion nanoparticle | Protoporphyrin IX | AS1411 | Nucleolin | Cervical cancer, lung cancer | [190] | |
Ag-MOF-RBCm | Doxorubicin | CD20-Ap | CD20 | B-cell lymphoma | [208] | |
FO-loaded MOF-RBCm | Using PDT and CDT effects | AS1411 | Nucleolin | KB Cell Line | [210] | |
NIR PLN | Afatinib | MAGE-A3 | MAGE | NSCLC | [211] |
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Fu, Z.; Xiang, J. Aptamer-Functionalized Nanoparticles in Targeted Delivery and Cancer Therapy. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 9123. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21239123
Fu Z, Xiang J. Aptamer-Functionalized Nanoparticles in Targeted Delivery and Cancer Therapy. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(23):9123. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21239123
Chicago/Turabian StyleFu, Zhaoying, and Jim Xiang. 2020. "Aptamer-Functionalized Nanoparticles in Targeted Delivery and Cancer Therapy" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 23: 9123. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21239123