Actin Depolymerizing Factor Modulates Rhizobial Infection and Nodule Organogenesis in Common Bean
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. ADF Genes Constitute a Family of Nine Members in P. vulgaris
2.2. PvADF Genes Are Expressed in Roots and after Rhizobial Inoculation
2.3. PvADFE Promoter Activity in Transgenic P. vulgaris after Rhizobial Inoculation
2.4. PvADFE Down-Regulation Increases the Number of Infection Events, Nodule Number, and Nitrogen Fixation in Rhizobium-Inoculated Transgenic Roots
2.5. IT Progression, Nodule Number, and Nitrogen Fixation Are Impaired in PvADFE-Overexpressing Hairy Roots
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Plant Growth Conditions and Rhizobia Inoculation
4.2. Identification of PvADF Sequences, Three-Dimensional Structure Analysis, and Relative Transcript Accumulation in Different Organs and Tissues
4.3. RT-qPCR Assays
4.4. Plasmid Construction
4.5. Promoter Activity Analysis
4.6. Analysis of Infection Events, Nodule Number, and Nodule Diameter
4.7. Acetylene Reduction Analysis
4.8. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
ADFs | Actin Depolymerization Factors |
NFs | Nod factors |
IT | Infection Thread |
ARP3 | Actin Related Protein 3 |
SCARN | Suppressor of cAMP Receptor Refect-Nodulation |
ABP | Actin-Binding |
ADF-H | Proteins Actin-Depolymerizing Factor Homology |
PIP2 | Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate |
RPS5 | Disease Resistance Protein 5 |
dpi | days post-inoculation |
GFP | Green Fluorescent Protein |
NDW | Nodule Dry Weight |
GUS | β-glucuronidase |
NIN | Nodule Inception |
ENOD2 | Early Nodulin2 |
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Ortega-Ortega, Y.; Carrasco-Castilla, J.; Juárez-Verdayes, M.A.; Toscano-Morales, R.; Fonseca-García, C.; Nava, N.; Cárdenas, L.; Quinto, C. Actin Depolymerizing Factor Modulates Rhizobial Infection and Nodule Organogenesis in Common Bean. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 1970. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21061970
Ortega-Ortega Y, Carrasco-Castilla J, Juárez-Verdayes MA, Toscano-Morales R, Fonseca-García C, Nava N, Cárdenas L, Quinto C. Actin Depolymerizing Factor Modulates Rhizobial Infection and Nodule Organogenesis in Common Bean. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(6):1970. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21061970
Chicago/Turabian StyleOrtega-Ortega, Yolanda, Janet Carrasco-Castilla, Marco A. Juárez-Verdayes, Roberto Toscano-Morales, Citlali Fonseca-García, Noreide Nava, Luis Cárdenas, and Carmen Quinto. 2020. "Actin Depolymerizing Factor Modulates Rhizobial Infection and Nodule Organogenesis in Common Bean" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 6: 1970. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21061970