Acetylated Polysaccharides From Pleurotus geesteranus Alleviate Lung Injury Via Regulating NF-κB Signal Pathway
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Preparation and Yield of AcPPS
2.2. Structural Characterization
2.3. Acute Toxicity Analysis
2.4. Effects of AcPPS on Body Weight and Lung Index
2.5. Effects of AcPPS on Oxidative Stress
2.6. Effects of AcPPS on Lipid Peroxidation
2.7. Histopathological Observations
2.8. Effects of AcPPS on Inflammatory Index of BALF
2.9. NF-κB Pathway Detection
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Chemicals and Reagents
4.2. Materials and Methods
4.3. Preparation and Purification of AcPPS
4.3.1. Preparation of AcPPS
4.3.2. Standard Curve Plotting of Acetyl Content
4.3.3. The DS Assay of AcPPS
4.3.4. UV Analysis
4.4. HPGPC, GPC, FT-IR Spectroscopy, and SEM Analysis
4.5. Acute Toxicity Experiment
4.6. Animal Experiments
4.7. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Data Availability
Compliance with Ethical Standards
Abbreviations
AcPPS | Acetylated Pleurotus geesteranus polysaccharides |
ALI | Acute lung injury |
BALF | Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid |
GalN | Aminogalactose |
Ara | Arabinose |
CAT | Catalase |
DS | Degree of substitution |
ELISA | Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay |
FT-IR | Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy |
Fuc | Fucose |
Gal | Galactose |
GalA | Galacturonic acid |
GSH-Px | Glutathione peroxidase |
GPC | Gel permeation chromatography |
GlcN | Glucosamine |
Glc | Glucose |
GlcA | Glucuronic acid |
HDL-C | High-density lipoprotein cholesterol |
H&E | Hematoxylin-eosin |
HPGPC | High-performance gel permeation chromatography |
IF | Immunofluorescence |
IL | Interleukins |
LDL-C | Low density lipoprotein cholesterol |
MDA | Malondialdehyde |
Man | Mannose |
MC | Model control |
MODS | Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome |
NC | Normal control |
Mn | Number-average molar mass |
PMP | Polymethylpentene |
PPS | Polysaccharides from P. geesteranus |
ROS | Reactive oxygen species |
Rha | Rhamnose |
Rib | Ribose |
SEM | Scanning electron microscope |
SOD | Superoxide dismutase |
SIRS | Systemic inflammatory response syndrome |
T-AOC | Total antioxidant capacity |
TC | Total cholesterol |
TG | Triglyceride |
TNF-α | Tumor necrosis factor-α |
UV | Ultraviolet |
VLDL-C | Very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol |
Mw | Weight-average molecular weight |
Xyl | Xylose |
Mz | Z-average molecular weight |
ZY | Zymosan |
ZIGI | Zymosan-induced generalized inflammation |
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Groups | Body Weight (g) | Lung Weight (g) | Lung Index (%) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Treatment Time by Zymosan 1 d | Treatment Time by Zymosan 4 d | Treatment Time by Zymosan 7 d | |||
NC | 42.78 ± 0.24 a | 43.40 ± 0.19 d | 44.50 ± 0.14 d | 0.33 ± 0.09 a | 0.74 ± 0.09 a |
MC | 42.60 ± 0.26 a | 39.61 ± 0.17 a | 38.97 ± 0.23 a | 0.53 ± 0.07 c | 1.36 ± 0.12 c |
H-AcPPS | 42.37 ± 0.29 a | 41.68 ± 0.14 c | 43.18 ± 0.16 c | 0.34 ± 0.02 a | 0.79 ± 0.07 a |
M-AcPPS | 42.16 ± 0.12 a | 41.07 ± 0.18 b | 42.33 ± 0.25 b | 0.35 ± 0.04 a | 0.83 ± 0.14 a |
L-AcPPS | 42.68 ± 0.15 a | 41.24 ± 0.23 c | 42.06 ± 0.14 b | 0.40 ± 0.03 b | 0.95 ± 0.11 b |
NC | MC | H-AcPPS | M-AcPPS | L-AcPPS | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Serum lipid parameters | TC (mmol/L) | 1.36 ± 0.11 a | 2.28 ± 0.15 c | 1.47 ± 0.08 a | 1.53 ± 0.12 a | 1.87 ± 0.09 b |
TG (mmol/L) | 0.75 ± 0.02 a | 1.83 ± 0.09 d | 0.80 ± 0.05 a | 0.97 ± 0.08 b | 1.06 ± 0.07 c | |
HDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.16 ± 0.15 c | 1.01 ± 0.08 a | 2.03 ± 0.11 c | 1.95 ± 0.09 b | 1.78 ± 0.07 b | |
LDL-C (mmol/L) | 0.55 ± 0.06 a | 1.71 ± 0.12 d | 0.67 ± 0.07 a | 0.91 ± 0.05 b | 1.18 ± 0.15 c | |
vLDL-C (mmol/L) | 0.34 ± 0.05 a | 1.26 ± 0.11 d | 0.45 ± 0.02 a | 0.61 ± 0.09 b | 0.78 ± 0.04 c |
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Song, X.; Zhang, J.; Li, J.; Jia, L. Acetylated Polysaccharides From Pleurotus geesteranus Alleviate Lung Injury Via Regulating NF-κB Signal Pathway. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 2810. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21082810
Song X, Zhang J, Li J, Jia L. Acetylated Polysaccharides From Pleurotus geesteranus Alleviate Lung Injury Via Regulating NF-κB Signal Pathway. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(8):2810. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21082810
Chicago/Turabian StyleSong, Xinling, Jianjun Zhang, Jian Li, and Le Jia. 2020. "Acetylated Polysaccharides From Pleurotus geesteranus Alleviate Lung Injury Via Regulating NF-κB Signal Pathway" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 8: 2810. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21082810