Ruthenium, Not Carbon Monoxide, Inhibits the Procoagulant Activity of Atheris, Echis, and Pseudonaja Venoms
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Assessment of the CO-Independent, Ru-Dependent Inhibition of CORM-2 on Procoagulant Activity of A. nitschei, E. leucogaster, and P. textilis Venoms Assessed with Thrombelastography
2.2. Assessment of the Effects of RuCl3 on Human Plasmatic Coagulation—Roles of Concentration and Vehicle
2.3. Assessment of RuCl3-Dependent Modulation of CORM-2 on the Procoagulant Activity of A. nitschei, E. leucogaster, and P. textilis Venoms Assessed with Thrombelastography
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Chemicals and Human Plasma
4.2. Thrombelastographic Analyses
4.3. CORM-2 Addition Experiments
4.4. RuCl3 Addition Experiments
4.5. Graphics and Statistical Analyses
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
CO | carbon monoxide |
CORM | carbon monoxide releasing molecule; can have Ru, or other metal centers |
CORM-2 | tricarbonyldichlororuthenium (II) dimer; Ru-based CORM |
Cu | copper |
DMSO | dimethyl sulfoxide |
Fe | iron |
Hg | mercury |
MRTG | maximum rate of thrombus generation (dynes/cm2/s) |
Pb | lead |
PBS | phosphate buffered saline, calcium-free, pH = 7.1–7.4 |
PLA2 | phospholipase A2 |
Ru | ruthenium |
RuCl3 | ruthenium chloride |
SD | standard deviation |
SVMP | snake venom metalloproteinase |
SVSP | snake venom serine protease |
TMRTG | time to maximum rate of thrombus generation (minutes) |
TTG | total thrombus generation (dynes/cm2) |
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Species | Common Name | Proteome | CORM-2/iRM Inhibition |
---|---|---|---|
Atheris nitschei [16] | Great Lakes Bush Viper | SVSP, SVMP, PLA2 | Yes/No |
Echis leucogaster [17,18,19] | White-Bellied Carpet Viper | SVSP, SVMP, PLA2 | Yes/No |
Pseudonaja textilis [20] | Eastern Brown Snake | SVSP, SVMP, PLA2 | Yes/No |
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Nielsen, V.G. Ruthenium, Not Carbon Monoxide, Inhibits the Procoagulant Activity of Atheris, Echis, and Pseudonaja Venoms. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 2970. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21082970
Nielsen VG. Ruthenium, Not Carbon Monoxide, Inhibits the Procoagulant Activity of Atheris, Echis, and Pseudonaja Venoms. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(8):2970. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21082970
Chicago/Turabian StyleNielsen, Vance G. 2020. "Ruthenium, Not Carbon Monoxide, Inhibits the Procoagulant Activity of Atheris, Echis, and Pseudonaja Venoms" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 8: 2970. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21082970