Spatiotemporal Regulation of Signaling: Focus on T Cell Activation and the Immunological Synapse
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Temporal Regulation of Signaling during Early T Cell Activation
3. Spatial Regulation of Signaling during Early T Cell Activation
3.1. Generation of Specialized Membrane Domains at the Immunological Synapse
3.2. Dynamic Behavior of Molecules at the Immunological Synapse: Barriers to Free Diffusion
4. Conclusion and Future Perspectives
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
APC | Antigen Presenting Cell |
ARL3 | GTPase ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 3 |
ARL13B | GTPase ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 13B |
DOCK | Dedicator of Cytokinesis |
IFT | Intraflagellar Transport |
IL-2 | Interleukin-2 |
INPP5E/F | Inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase E/F |
IS | Immunological Synapse |
ITK | Interleukin-2-inducible T-cell Kinase |
LAT | Linker for Activation of T cells |
MAL | Myelin and Lymphocytes protein |
MHC | Major Histocompatibility Complex |
PDE6δ | Phosphodiesterase 6δ |
PI3K | Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase |
PKC-θ | Protein Kinase C-θ |
PLC-γ | Phospholipase C-γ |
PTPN6 | Tyrosine-protein Phosphatase Nonreceptor type 6 |
v-SNARE | v-SNAP Receptor |
SLP-76 | SH2 domain containing Leukocyte Protein 76 |
TCR | T Cell Receptor |
SMAC | Supramacromolecular activation center |
TIRF | Total internal reflection fluorescence |
UNC | Uncoordinated |
VAMP-7 | Vesicle Associated Membrane Protein 7 |
WASP | Wiskott–Aldrich Syndrome Protein |
ZAP-70 | Zeta-chain-Associated Protein kinase 70 |
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Garcia, E.; Ismail, S. Spatiotemporal Regulation of Signaling: Focus on T Cell Activation and the Immunological Synapse. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 3283. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21093283
Garcia E, Ismail S. Spatiotemporal Regulation of Signaling: Focus on T Cell Activation and the Immunological Synapse. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(9):3283. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21093283
Chicago/Turabian StyleGarcia, Esther, and Shehab Ismail. 2020. "Spatiotemporal Regulation of Signaling: Focus on T Cell Activation and the Immunological Synapse" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 9: 3283. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21093283