Metformin Preserves β-Cell Compensation in Insulin Secretion and Mass Expansion in Prediabetic Nile Rats
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Early Treatment of Metformin Improves Glucose Tolerance and Insulin Secretion In Vivo in Newly Prediabetic NRs
2.2. Metformin Suppresses Hepatic Glucose Production and Expressions of Gluconeogenic Enzymes
2.3. Islet Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion Is Preserved in Metformin-Treatment Prediabetic NRs
2.4. β-Cell Compensation with Reduced Apoptotic Unfolded Protein Response in NRs Treated with Metformin
2.5. β-Cell Mass and Regeneration Does Not Change with Metformin
3. Discussion
3.1. The Effect of Metformin Dose in Glucose Regulation
3.2. Metformin Actions on β-Cell Function and Possible Mechanisms
3.3. Metformin Actions on β-Cell Mass and Survival
4. Methods and Materials
4.1. Animals
4.2. Drug Administration
4.3. Glucose, Insulin, and Pyruvate Tolerance Tests
4.4. Tissue Collection
4.5. In Vitro Metformin Treatment and Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion
4.6. Immunofluorescent Microscopy
4.7. Semi-Quantitative Real-Time PCR
4.8. Western Blot Analysis
4.9. Statistical Analyses
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Huang, H.; Lorenz, B.R.; Zelmanovitz, P.H.; Chan, C.B. Metformin Preserves β-Cell Compensation in Insulin Secretion and Mass Expansion in Prediabetic Nile Rats. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 421. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22010421
Huang H, Lorenz BR, Zelmanovitz PH, Chan CB. Metformin Preserves β-Cell Compensation in Insulin Secretion and Mass Expansion in Prediabetic Nile Rats. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(1):421. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22010421
Chicago/Turabian StyleHuang, Hui, Bradi R. Lorenz, Paula Horn Zelmanovitz, and Catherine B. Chan. 2021. "Metformin Preserves β-Cell Compensation in Insulin Secretion and Mass Expansion in Prediabetic Nile Rats" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 1: 421. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22010421