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Volume 22
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Review

Anti-Inflammatory Therapy for Atherosclerosis: Focusing on Cytokines

by
Anastasia V. Poznyak
1,*,
Dwaipayan Bharadwaj
2,3,
Gauri Prasad
3,
Andrey V. Grechko
4,
Margarita A. Sazonova
5 and
Alexander N. Orekhov
1,5,6,*
1
Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, 121609 Moscow, Russia
2
Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology Campus, New Delhi 110025, India
3
Systems Genomics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
4
Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, 14-3 Solyanka Street, 109240 Moscow, Russia
5
Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia
6
Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsyurupa Street, 117418 Moscow, Russia
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(13), 7061; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22137061
Submission received: 4 June 2021 / Revised: 24 June 2021 / Accepted: 28 June 2021 / Published: 30 June 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Molecular Research of Metabolic Disorders)
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Abstract

Atherosclerosis is a well-known global health problem. Despite the high prevalence of the disease, numerous aspects of pathogenesis remain unclear. Subsequently, there are still no cure or adequate preventive measures available. Atherogenesis is now considered a complex interplay between lipid metabolism alterations, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Inflammation in atherogenesis involves cellular elements of both innate (such as macrophages and monocytes) and adaptive immunity (such as B-cells and T-cells), as well as various cytokines cascades. Because inflammation is, in general, a well-investigated therapeutic target, and strategies for controlling inflammation have been successfully used to combat a number of other diseases, inflammation seems to be the preferred target for the treatment of atherosclerosis as well. In this review, we summarized data on targeting the most studied inflammatory molecular targets, CRP, IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ, and TNF-α. Studies in animal models have shown the efficacy of anti-inflammatory therapy, while clinical studies revealed the incompetence of existing data, which blocks the development of an effective atheroprotective drug. However, all data on cytokine targeting give evidence that anti-inflammatory therapy can be a part of a complex treatment.
Keywords: atherosclerosis; inflammation; T cell; B cell; immunity atherosclerosis; inflammation; T cell; B cell; immunity

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MDPI and ACS Style

Poznyak, A.V.; Bharadwaj, D.; Prasad, G.; Grechko, A.V.; Sazonova, M.A.; Orekhov, A.N. Anti-Inflammatory Therapy for Atherosclerosis: Focusing on Cytokines. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 7061. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22137061

AMA Style

Poznyak AV, Bharadwaj D, Prasad G, Grechko AV, Sazonova MA, Orekhov AN. Anti-Inflammatory Therapy for Atherosclerosis: Focusing on Cytokines. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(13):7061. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22137061

Chicago/Turabian Style

Poznyak, Anastasia V., Dwaipayan Bharadwaj, Gauri Prasad, Andrey V. Grechko, Margarita A. Sazonova, and Alexander N. Orekhov. 2021. "Anti-Inflammatory Therapy for Atherosclerosis: Focusing on Cytokines" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 13: 7061. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22137061

APA Style

Poznyak, A. V., Bharadwaj, D., Prasad, G., Grechko, A. V., Sazonova, M. A., & Orekhov, A. N. (2021). Anti-Inflammatory Therapy for Atherosclerosis: Focusing on Cytokines. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(13), 7061. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22137061

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