Classification and Treatment of Diseases in the Age of Genome Medicine Based on Pathway Pathology
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Traditional and Emerging Ways of Classifying Diseases
1.2. Big Data in Disease Classification, Predictive Pathology and Precision Medicine
1.3. International Classification of Diseases: ICD, ICD-O and TNM
2. Pathway Pathology—The Key Principles
- (1)
- The cellular context of the disease;
- (2)
- The genes and proteins being affected, i.e., the molecular pathways;
- (3)
- The cellular mechanisms being altered, i.e., the cellular pathways (Figure 2).
2.1. Cellular Context
2.2. Molecular Pathways
2.3. Cellular Pathways
3. Pathway Pathology in Research and Clinical Practice
3.1. Immortality and Cellular Senescence Represent Key Cellular Pathways
3.2. The Interplay between Molecular and Cellular Pathways in Specific Cells Predicts Biological Behavior
3.3. Analytical Tools in Pathway Pathology—Whole-Genome Analysis
3.4. Single Genes in Pathway Pathology
3.4.1. The Case of TP53
3.4.2. S100A14
3.4.3. GABARAP
3.5. Impact of Cellular Pathology and Histopathology on Pathway Pathology
3.6. Pathway Pathology and Treatment
3.7. Pathway Pathology of Anti-Cancer Drugs
3.8. Pathway Pathology—Is It Really New?
4. Outlook
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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ICD-11 | ICD-10 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. | Title | Codes | No. | Title | Codes |
1 | Certain infectious and parasitic diseases | 1A00-1G8Y | 1 | Certain infectious and parasitic diseases | A00-B99 |
2 | Neoplasms | 2A00-2F9Y | 2 | Neoplasms | C00-D48 |
3 | Diseases of blood and blood-forming organs | 3A00-3C0Z | 3 | Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs in addition to certain disorders involving the immune system | D50-D89 |
4 | Disorders of the immune system | 4A00-4B4Z | 4 | Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases | E00-E90 |
5 | Endocrine, nutritional or metabolic diseases | 5A00-5B3Z | 5 | Mental and behavioral disorders | F00-F99 |
6 | Mental, behavioral or neurodevelopmental disorders | 6A00-6E8Z | 6 | Diseases of the nervous system | G00-G99 |
7 | Sleep–wake disorders | 7A00-7B2Z | 7 | Diseases of the eye and adnexa | H00-H59 |
8 | Diseases of the nervous system | 8A00-8E7Z | 8 | Diseases of the ear and mastoid process | H60-H95 |
9 | Diseases of the visual system | 9A00-9A4Z | 9 | Diseases of the circulatory system | I00-I99 |
10 | Diseases of the ear and mastoid process | AA00-AC0Z | 10 | Diseases of the respiratory system | J00-J99 |
11 | Diseases of the circulatory system | BA00-BE2Z | 11 | Diseases of the digestive system | K00-K93 |
12 | Diseases of the respiratory system | CA00-CB7Z | 12 | Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue | L00-L99 |
13 | Diseases of the digestive system | DA00-DE2Z | 13 | Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue | M00-M99 |
14 | Diseases of the skin | EA00-EM0Z | 14 | Diseases of the genitourinary system | N00-N99 |
15 | Diseases of the musculoskeletal system or connective tissue | FA00-FC0Z | 15 | Pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium | O00-O99 |
16 | Diseases of the genitourinary system | GA00-GC8Z | 16 | Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period | P00-P96 |
17 | Conditions related to sexual health | HA00-HA8Z | 17 | Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities | Q00-Q99 |
18 | Pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium | JA00-JB6Z | 18 | Symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, not classified elsewhere | R00-R99 |
19 | Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period | KA00-KA0Z | 19 | Injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes | S00-T98 |
20 | Developmental anomalies | LA00-LD0Z | 20 | External causes of morbidity and mortality | V01-Y98 |
21 | Symptoms, signs or clinical findings, not classified elsewhere | MA00-MH2Y | 21 | Factors influencing health status and contact with health services | Z00-Z99 |
22 | Injury, poisoning or certain other consequences of external causes | NA00-NF2Z | 22 | Codes for special purposes | U00-U99 |
23 | External causes of morbidity or mortality | PA00-PL2Z | |||
24 | Factors influencing health status or contact with health services | QA00-QF4Z | |||
25 | Codes for special purposes | RA00-RA26 | |||
26 | Supplementary chapter: traditional medicine conditions | TM1-SJ3Z | |||
27 | V—supplementary section for functioning assessment | VA00-VB40.Z | |||
28 | X—extension codes | XS8H-XD19J4 |
1 | ICD entry title |
2 | Classification properties |
3 | Textual definition |
4 | Terms |
5 | Body system/structure description |
6 | Temporal properties |
7 | Severity of subtype properties |
8 | Manifestation properties |
9 | Causal properties |
10 | Functioning properties |
11 | Specific condition properties |
12 | Treatment properties |
13 | Diagnostic criteria |
Parameters 1–7 are essential requirements. |
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Petersen, I. Classification and Treatment of Diseases in the Age of Genome Medicine Based on Pathway Pathology. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 9418. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22179418
Petersen I. Classification and Treatment of Diseases in the Age of Genome Medicine Based on Pathway Pathology. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(17):9418. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22179418
Chicago/Turabian StylePetersen, Iver. 2021. "Classification and Treatment of Diseases in the Age of Genome Medicine Based on Pathway Pathology" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 17: 9418. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22179418