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Review

The Keratinocyte as a Crucial Cell in the Predisposition, Onset, Progression, Therapy and Study of the Atopic Dermatitis

by
Pamela Gallegos-Alcalá
1,
Mariela Jiménez
1,
Daniel Cervantes-García
1,2 and
Eva Salinas
1,*
1
Department of Microbiology, Center of Basic Science, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes 20100, Mexico
2
National Council of Science and Technology, Ciudad de México 03940, Mexico
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(19), 10661; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms221910661
Submission received: 1 September 2021 / Revised: 27 September 2021 / Accepted: 27 September 2021 / Published: 1 October 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Skin Allergy and Immunology)
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Abstract

The keratinocyte (KC) is the main functional and structural component of the epidermis, the most external layer of the skin that is highly specialized in defense against external agents, prevention of leakage of body fluids and retention of internal water within the cells. Altered epidermal barrier and aberrant KC differentiation are involved in the pathophysiology of several skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis (AD). AD is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by cutaneous and systemic immune dysregulation and skin microbiota dysbiosis. Nevertheless, the pathological mechanisms of this complex disease remain largely unknown. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about the participation of the KC in different aspects of the AD. We provide an overview of the genetic predisposing and environmental factors, inflammatory molecules and signaling pathways of the KC that participate in the physiopathology of the AD. We also analyze the link among the KC, the microbiota and the inflammatory response underlying acute and chronic skin AD lesions.
Keywords: keratinocyte; atopic dermatitis; allergic inflammatory response; keratinocyte differentiation; skin microbiome; in vitro atopic dermatitis models; pharmacological therapy keratinocyte; atopic dermatitis; allergic inflammatory response; keratinocyte differentiation; skin microbiome; in vitro atopic dermatitis models; pharmacological therapy

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MDPI and ACS Style

Gallegos-Alcalá, P.; Jiménez, M.; Cervantes-García, D.; Salinas, E. The Keratinocyte as a Crucial Cell in the Predisposition, Onset, Progression, Therapy and Study of the Atopic Dermatitis. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 10661. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms221910661

AMA Style

Gallegos-Alcalá P, Jiménez M, Cervantes-García D, Salinas E. The Keratinocyte as a Crucial Cell in the Predisposition, Onset, Progression, Therapy and Study of the Atopic Dermatitis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(19):10661. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms221910661

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gallegos-Alcalá, Pamela, Mariela Jiménez, Daniel Cervantes-García, and Eva Salinas. 2021. "The Keratinocyte as a Crucial Cell in the Predisposition, Onset, Progression, Therapy and Study of the Atopic Dermatitis" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 19: 10661. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms221910661

APA Style

Gallegos-Alcalá, P., Jiménez, M., Cervantes-García, D., & Salinas, E. (2021). The Keratinocyte as a Crucial Cell in the Predisposition, Onset, Progression, Therapy and Study of the Atopic Dermatitis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(19), 10661. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms221910661

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