A Potential Quorum-Sensing Inhibitor for Bronchiectasis Therapy: Quercetin–Chitosan Nanoparticle Complex Exhibiting Superior Inhibition of Biofilm Formation and Swimming Motility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to the Native Quercetin
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Optimal Preparation pH
2.1.1. Effects of pH on Size and Zeta Potential
2.1.2. Effects of pH on the Preparation Efficiency and QUE Payload
2.2. Physical Characteristics of the Optimal QUE–CHI Nanoplex
2.2.1. FTIR
2.2.2. PXRD
2.3. Dissolution Characteristics
2.4. Antibacterial Activity
2.5. Anticancer Activity
2.6. QS Inhibition
2.6.1. Swimming Motility
2.6.2. Rate of Biofilm Formation
2.6.3. Virulence Factor Production
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Materials
3.2. Methods
3.2.1. Preparation of QUE–CHI Nanoplex
3.2.2. Physical Characterizations of QUE–CHI Nanoplex
3.2.3. Kinetic Solubility and Dissolution Rate
3.2.4. Antibacterial Activity
3.2.5. Cytotoxicity towards the Human Lung Cancer Cells
3.2.6. Rate of Biofilm Formation
3.2.7. Swimming Motility and Pyocyanin Production
3.2.8. Statistical Analysis
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
AA | Acetic acid |
CSat | Thermodynamic saturation solubility |
CHI | Chitosan |
COPD | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
DLS | Dynamic light scattering |
DMEM | Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium |
DMSO | Dimethyl sulfoxide |
EPS | Extracellular polymeric substance |
FESEM | Field emission scanning electron microscope |
FTIR | Fourier-transform infrared |
HPLC | High-performance liquid chromatography |
LB | Luria–Bertani |
MHB | Mueller–Hinton broth |
MIC | Minimum inhibitory concentration |
MW | Molecular weight |
OD | Optical density |
PBS | Phosphate-buffered saline |
PDI | Polydispersity index |
PXRD | Powder X-ray diffraction |
QUE | Quercetin |
QS | Quorum sensing |
UV-vis | Ultraviolet-visible |
Appendix A
Appendix A.1. MIC of the Free CHI
CHI (µg/mL) | 25 | 50 | 75 | 125 | 250 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
OD600 | 0.754 ± 0.010 | 0.860 ± 0.003 | 0.926 ± 0.008 | 0.048 ± 0.009 | 0.046 ± 0.003 |
Appendix A.2. Cytotoxicity of DMSO and the Free CHI
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QUE (µg/mL) | 100 | 200 | 300 | 400 | 500 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
QUE–CHI nanoplex | 0.504 ± 0.044 | 0.333 ± 0.049 | 0.271 ± 0.095 | 0.163 ± 0.149 | 0.048 ± 0.067 |
Native QUE | 0.329 ± 0.051 | 0.301 ± 0.039 | 0.252 ± 0.001 | 0.195 ± 0.054 | 0.097 ± 0.029 |
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Tran, T.-T.; Hadinoto, K. A Potential Quorum-Sensing Inhibitor for Bronchiectasis Therapy: Quercetin–Chitosan Nanoparticle Complex Exhibiting Superior Inhibition of Biofilm Formation and Swimming Motility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to the Native Quercetin. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 1541. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22041541
Tran T-T, Hadinoto K. A Potential Quorum-Sensing Inhibitor for Bronchiectasis Therapy: Quercetin–Chitosan Nanoparticle Complex Exhibiting Superior Inhibition of Biofilm Formation and Swimming Motility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to the Native Quercetin. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(4):1541. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22041541
Chicago/Turabian StyleTran, The-Thien, and Kunn Hadinoto. 2021. "A Potential Quorum-Sensing Inhibitor for Bronchiectasis Therapy: Quercetin–Chitosan Nanoparticle Complex Exhibiting Superior Inhibition of Biofilm Formation and Swimming Motility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to the Native Quercetin" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 4: 1541. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22041541
APA StyleTran, T. -T., & Hadinoto, K. (2021). A Potential Quorum-Sensing Inhibitor for Bronchiectasis Therapy: Quercetin–Chitosan Nanoparticle Complex Exhibiting Superior Inhibition of Biofilm Formation and Swimming Motility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to the Native Quercetin. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(4), 1541. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22041541