Applications of Biomaterials in 3D Cell Culture and Contributions of 3D Cell Culture to Drug Development and Basic Biomedical Research
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Applications of Biomaterials in 3D Cell Culture
2.1. Hydrogels
2.2. Porous and Fibrous Scaffolds
2.3. Decellularized Native Tissue
2.4. Ultra-Low Attachment Surface
3. Applications of Three-Dimensional Cell Culture
3.1. Cancer Research and Drug Screening
3.2. Stem Cell Research and Drug Screening
4. Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
3D | Three-dimensional |
2D | Two-dimensional |
PHHs | Primary human hepatocytes |
CYP450 | cytochrome P-450 |
ECM | Extracellular matrix |
ULA | Ultra-low attachment |
PVA | Poly (vinyl alcohol) |
PLGA | Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) |
pHEMA | Poly-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate |
PEG | Poly ethylene glycol |
RGD | Arginine-glycine-aspartic acid |
MSCs | Mesenchymal stem cells |
PEG-SG | Four-arm succinimidyl glutarate polyethylene glycol |
hMSC | Human mesenchymal stem cell |
HUVEC | Human umbilical vein endothelial cell |
hASC | Human adipose-derived stem cell |
hiPSC-NPC | Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural progenitor cell |
HA | Hyaluronic acid |
bFGF | Basic fibroblast growth factor |
AcHA | Acetylated HA |
PGA | Poly (glycolic acid) |
PLA | Poly (lactic acid) |
PCL | Polycarprolactone |
SCPL | Solvent casting & particulate leaching |
TPZ | Tirapazamine |
EB | Embryoid body |
PSC | Pluripotent stem cell |
ESC | Embryonic stem cell |
iPSC | Induced pluripotent stem cell |
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Type | Advantage | Disadvantage | References |
---|---|---|---|
Hydrogel | Tissue like flexibility Easily supplies water-soluble factors to cells | Low mechanical resistance | [5,11,13,17,18] |
Solid scaffold | Various materials can be used Physical strength is easily adjusted | Difficulty in homogeneous dispersion of cells | [15,16,19,20,21] |
Decellularized native tissue | Provides complex biochemistry, biomechanics and 3D tissues of tissue-specific extracellular matrix (ECM) | Decrease of mechanical properties (roughness, elasticity, and tension strength) of the tissues as compared to the native group | [22,23,24,25,26] |
Ultra-low attachment surface | Provides an environment similar to in vivo conditions | Difficulty in mass production Lack of uniformity between spheroids | [27,28,29,30,31] |
Properties | Materials | Cells | Applications | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Synthetic | Provide structural support to various cell types | PVA | Mouse 129 teratocarcinoma AT805 derived cells (ATDC5) [37], Human iPS cells (HPS0077) [38] | Repair cartilage [37], promote differentiation [38] |
pHEMA | Bovine ear chondrocytes [39] | Proliferate chondrocytes [39] | ||
PEG | Ovarian Follicle cell [40], human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) [41] | Promote cell survival, growth [40], and viability by encapsulation [41] | ||
Natural | Support cellular activities and are biocompatible and biodegradable | Collagen | Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) [42] | Form stable EC networks [42] |
Alginate | Human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) [43], rat astroglioma (LRM55) [44] | Maintain their ability to secrete therapeutic factors [43], maintain the viability and function [44] | ||
Hyaluronic acid | Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural progenitor cells (hiPSC-NPCs) [45], human breast cancer MCF-7 cells [46] | Promote neural differentiation [45], higher tumorigenic capability of MCF-7 cells [46] |
Method | Advantages | Disadvantages | References |
---|---|---|---|
Particulate Leaching | Modulate pore size and porosity | Limited pore shape and size | [15] |
Solvent Casting | Modulate pore size and porosity Easy incorporation of drugs within the scaffold | Low pore interconnectivity | [100,101] |
Emulsion Templating | Modulate particle size, high porosity, interconnectivity | Difficulty in obtaining emulsions with sufficient monodispersity for crystallization | [16,102,103] |
Gas Foaming | Modulate pore size and porosity Free of toxic organic solvents | Unexpected pore interconnectivity | [104,105,106] |
Melt Molding | Modulate pore size and porosity | High temperature required when molding | [107] |
Method | Advantages | Disadvantages | References |
---|---|---|---|
Fiber Mesh | High surface area for cell attachment | Low structural stability | [21] |
Fiber Bonding | High surface to volume ratio, high porosity | Limited applications to other polymers | [132] |
Electrospinning | Induces cell alignment and directionality | Limited by cell seeding | [143,144,145] |
Phase Separation | No reduction in the activity of molecules | Difficult to control the scaffold morphology | [138,146] |
Self-Assembly | Form extremely stable scaffolds, less use of organic solvent | Expensive material, complicated and elaborate process | [147,148] |
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Park, Y.; Huh, K.M.; Kang, S.-W. Applications of Biomaterials in 3D Cell Culture and Contributions of 3D Cell Culture to Drug Development and Basic Biomedical Research. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 2491. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22052491
Park Y, Huh KM, Kang S-W. Applications of Biomaterials in 3D Cell Culture and Contributions of 3D Cell Culture to Drug Development and Basic Biomedical Research. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(5):2491. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22052491
Chicago/Turabian StylePark, Yujin, Kang Moo Huh, and Sun-Woong Kang. 2021. "Applications of Biomaterials in 3D Cell Culture and Contributions of 3D Cell Culture to Drug Development and Basic Biomedical Research" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 5: 2491. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22052491
APA StylePark, Y., Huh, K. M., & Kang, S.-W. (2021). Applications of Biomaterials in 3D Cell Culture and Contributions of 3D Cell Culture to Drug Development and Basic Biomedical Research. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(5), 2491. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22052491