Sex-Related Differences in Chronic Myeloid Neoplasms: From the Clinical Observation to the Underlying Biology
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Sex-Related Differences in the Presentation and Outcomes of Patients with Chronic Myeloid Neoplasms
2.1. Precursor States (CHIP, ICUS, CCUS)
2.2. MDS
2.3. MDS/MPN
2.4. MPN
2.5. CML
3. Sex-Related Differences in the Genomic Profile of Patients with Myeloid Neoplasms
4. Hypothesized Biologic Mechanisms Implicated in the Gender-Related Differences in Myeloid Neoplasms
4.1. EXITS Hypothesis
4.2. Sex-Related Differences in the Metabolism of DNA Methyltransferase Inhibitors
4.3. Sex-Related Differences in the Disease Burden in the Primitive Cells’ Compartment
5. A Potential Role of Hormonal Receptors
6. Conclusions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Myeloid Neoplasm | Observation | Reference |
---|---|---|
MDS | The frequency is higher in men compared to women | [16] |
MDS—Low and Intermediate-1 R-IPSS score | Men have worse survival compared to women | [17] |
MDS—RA, RCMD, 5q | Men have worse survival compared to women | [5] |
MDS/MPN | Men have worse survival compared to women | [5] |
MPN | Women predominate in ET and men predominate in PV and PMF | [6,21] |
MPN | Women have higher incidence of venous thrombosis | [6,22] |
MPN | Men have lower platelets | [4,23] |
PMF | Men have bigger spleens, higher percentage of circulating blasts and higher incidence of complex karyotypes | [23] |
ET | Male sex is an independent predictor of worse survival | [24] |
ET, PV | Male sex is an independent predictor of worse survival and higher incidence of transformation to MF | [6,25] |
Secondary MF | Male sex is an independent predictor of worse survival | [23] |
MPN | Men have worse survival across all the subtypes | [6,25] |
CML | Male sex is an independent predictor of worse survival among young patients (<45 years old) | [27] |
CML | Men have bigger spleens, lower platelets, higher incidence of additional chromosomal abnormalities and worse survival among patients with low and intermediate risk groups | [11] |
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Karantanos, T.; Jain, T.; Moliterno, A.R.; Jones, R.J.; DeZern, A.E. Sex-Related Differences in Chronic Myeloid Neoplasms: From the Clinical Observation to the Underlying Biology. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 2595. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22052595
Karantanos T, Jain T, Moliterno AR, Jones RJ, DeZern AE. Sex-Related Differences in Chronic Myeloid Neoplasms: From the Clinical Observation to the Underlying Biology. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(5):2595. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22052595
Chicago/Turabian StyleKarantanos, Theodoros, Tania Jain, Alison R. Moliterno, Richard J. Jones, and Amy E. DeZern. 2021. "Sex-Related Differences in Chronic Myeloid Neoplasms: From the Clinical Observation to the Underlying Biology" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 5: 2595. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22052595