Predialysis and Dialysis Therapies Differently Affect Nitric Oxide Synthetic Pathway in Red Blood Cells from Uremic Patients: Focus on Peritoneal Dialysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Main Clinical and Biochemical Characteristics of the Study Population
2.2. RBC-NOS Activation
2.3. cGMP Levels in RBCs
2.4. MRP4 Nitration and Nitrosylation Levels in RBCs
2.5. MRP4-ATPase Activity in RBCs
2.6. Plasma cGMP Levels
2.7. Pre- and Post-Hemodialysis cGMP Levels in Plasma and RBCs from ESRD Patients
2.8. Plasma Nitrite Levels
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Study Population
4.2. Blood Collection
4.3. Materials and Antibodies
4.4. Flow Cytometry Analysis
4.5. Evaluation of cGMP Levels
4.6. Western Blot Analysis
4.7. MRP4 ATPase Activity
4.8. Assessment of Plasma Nitrite Levels
4.9. Statistical Analysis
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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CKD | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CTRL (N = 20) | CT (N = 20) | PD (N = 20) | HD (N = 20) | p-Value | |
Gender (female/male) | 10/10 | 10/10 | 6/14 | 9/11 | |
Age | 53 ± 11 | 64 ± 16 | 56 ± 22 | 65 ± 15 | ns |
BMI | 24.8 ± 4.2 | 24.5 ± 4.1 | 26.9 ± 4.7 | 26.1 ± 5.9 | ns |
Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) | 113 ± 11.2 | 138 ± 18.9 * | 140 ± 20.8 * | 127 ± 21.8 * | ˂0.05 |
Diastolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) | 71 ± 8.4 | 76 ± 11 | 78 ± 10 | 72 ± 14 | ns |
IMT | 0.64 ± 0.1 | 0.95 ± 0.3 * | 0.86 ± 0.3 | 0.99 ± 0.2 * | ˂0.05 |
Hematocrit (%) | 43.6 ± 4.3 | 36 ± 4.9 * | 35.7 ± 3 * | 34.8 ± 4.1 * | <0.05 |
Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 14.4 ± 1.5 | 11.4 ± 1.6 * | 11.3 ± 1 * | 10.7 ± 1.2 * | ˂0.05 |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.83 ± 0.2 | 4.08 ± 3 * | 9.93 ± 4 * § | 8.37 ± 2 * § | ˂0.005 |
Albumin (g/dL) | 4.54 ± 0.51 | 3.98 ± 0.58 * # | 3.49 ± 0.40 * | 3.89 ± 0.45 * # | ˂0.05 |
Total Proteins (g/dL) | 7.57 ± 0.55 | 6.89 ± 0.94 * # | 6.48 ± 0.66 * | 6.59 ± 0.55 * | ˂0.05 |
Glycemia (mg/dL) | 88.8 ± 13.2 | 82.7 ± 15.4 | 93.2 ± 34.6 | 91.4 ± 35.2 | ns |
Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 127.1 ± 49 | 132.8 ± 62 * | 144.1 ± 69 * | 154.1 ± 85 * | ˂0.05 |
Total Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 167.8 ± 42.7 | 168.8 ± 51.9 | 152.2 ± 37.8 | 143.8 ± 31.9 | ns |
Cholesterol HDL (mg/dL) | 55.5 ± 21.1 | 52.3 ± 16.9 | 43.8 ± 13.4 | 48.7 ± 22.9 | ns |
Cholesterol LDL (mg/dL) | 88.7 ± 36.9 | 90.2 ± 39.4 | 77.3 ± 27.8 | 64.3 ± 21.6 | ns |
CRP (mg/dL) | 0.30 ± 0.12 | 0.70 ± 0.75 * | 0.80 ± 1.03 * | 1.12 ± 1.60 * | ˂0.05 |
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Palmerini, C.; Piscitani, L.; Bologna, G.; Riganti, C.; Lanuti, P.; Mandatori, D.; Di Liberato, L.; Di Fulvio, G.; Sirolli, V.; Renda, G.; et al. Predialysis and Dialysis Therapies Differently Affect Nitric Oxide Synthetic Pathway in Red Blood Cells from Uremic Patients: Focus on Peritoneal Dialysis. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 3049. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22063049
Palmerini C, Piscitani L, Bologna G, Riganti C, Lanuti P, Mandatori D, Di Liberato L, Di Fulvio G, Sirolli V, Renda G, et al. Predialysis and Dialysis Therapies Differently Affect Nitric Oxide Synthetic Pathway in Red Blood Cells from Uremic Patients: Focus on Peritoneal Dialysis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(6):3049. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22063049
Chicago/Turabian StylePalmerini, Carola, Luca Piscitani, Giuseppina Bologna, Chiara Riganti, Paola Lanuti, Domitilla Mandatori, Lorenzo Di Liberato, Giorgia Di Fulvio, Vittorio Sirolli, Giulia Renda, and et al. 2021. "Predialysis and Dialysis Therapies Differently Affect Nitric Oxide Synthetic Pathway in Red Blood Cells from Uremic Patients: Focus on Peritoneal Dialysis" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 6: 3049. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22063049