Transport and Toxicity of Methylmercury-Cysteine in Cultured BeWo Cells
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Uptake of Cystine and MeHg-Cys in BeWo Cells
2.2. Cell Viability and Function Assays
2.3. Markers of Intracellular Injury and Oxidative Stress
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Tissue Culture
4.2. Uptake Assays
4.3. Cell Viability Analyses
4.4. Autophagy Assay
4.5. ATP Assay
4.6. TBARS (Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances) Assay
4.7. Quantitative PCR
4.8. GSH/GSSG Assay
4.9. Western Blotting
4.10. Statistical Analyses
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Treatment | GSH (μM) | GSSG (μM) | GSH:GSSG |
---|---|---|---|
Buffer | 1.8 ± 0.48 | 0.21 ± 0.05 | 9:1 |
5 μM MeHg-Cys | 1.38 ± 0.36 | 0.31 ± 0.08 | 5:1 * |
25 μM MeHg-Cys | 2.49 ± 0.65 | 0.49 ± 0.13 | 5:1 * |
50 μM MeHg-Cys | 0.39 ± 0.10 | 0.19 ± 0.05 | 2:1 * |
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Ganapathy, S.; Farrell, E.R.; Vaghela, S.; Joshee, L.; Ford, E.G., IV; Uchakina, O.; McKallip, R.J.; Barkin, J.L.; Bridges, C.C. Transport and Toxicity of Methylmercury-Cysteine in Cultured BeWo Cells. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 394. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23010394
Ganapathy S, Farrell ER, Vaghela S, Joshee L, Ford EG IV, Uchakina O, McKallip RJ, Barkin JL, Bridges CC. Transport and Toxicity of Methylmercury-Cysteine in Cultured BeWo Cells. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(1):394. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23010394
Chicago/Turabian StyleGanapathy, Srividya, Elisa R. Farrell, Simran Vaghela, Lucy Joshee, Earl G. Ford, IV, Olga Uchakina, Robert J. McKallip, Jennifer L. Barkin, and Christy C. Bridges. 2022. "Transport and Toxicity of Methylmercury-Cysteine in Cultured BeWo Cells" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 1: 394. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23010394