Wound Healing Impairment in Type 2 Diabetes Model of Leptin-Deficient Mice—A Mechanistic Systematic Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Study Selection
2.2. Data Extraction and Analyses
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Literature Review
3.1.1. Phenotype and Wound Healing Dynamics
3.1.2. Growth Factors
3.1.3. Angiogenesis
3.1.4. Cytokines and Immunological Apparatus
3.1.5. Macrophages
3.1.6. Leptin
3.1.7. Insulin
3.1.8. Advanced Glycation End-Products (AGEs)
3.1.9. Fibroblasts and Extracellular Matrix (ECM)
3.1.10. Apoptosis and Autophagy
3.1.11. Stem Cells (Bone Marrow)
3.1.12. Non-Coding RNAs
3.1.13. Bacterial Burden and Biofilm
3.1.14. Models of Chronic Diabetic Wounds
3.1.15. Other Studies
3.1.16. Interventions
Intervention | In Vivo Studies | Most Advanced Clinical Trial | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
rPDGF-BB (Becaplermin) | [118,119,120,121,122,123,124] | Phase 3 | [125] |
Collagen application (scaffold) | [126,127] | Phase 4 | [128] |
Chitosan Gel Application | [129,130,131] | Phase 2 | [132] |
bFGF | [119,133,134] | Phase 3 | [135] |
VEGF, HIF1-α | [136,137,138,139] | Phase 2 | [140] |
Negative Pressure Wound Therapy | [141] | Phase 2 | [142] |
Cold Plasma Therapy | [143,144] | Phase 2 | [145] |
Topical Insulin | [111,146] | Phase 2 | [147] |
Low Magnitude High-Frequency Vibration Platform | [148] | Phase 2 | [149] |
Nitric Oxide Releasing Patch | [150,151,152] | Phase 3 | [153] |
3.2. Discussion
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Animal Model | Modification | Ref. |
---|---|---|
db/db (BKS) 11 weeks old, females | Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm challenge | [97,98] |
db/db (C57BL/6)/db/db (BKS) 5–6 months old/db/db 11 weeks old, males | Increasing oxidative stress via blocking catalase and glutathione peroxidase | [100,101,102] |
db/db (BKS) 12 weeks old, males | Wound splinting to prevent contraction | [103] |
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Stachura, A.; Khanna, I.; Krysiak, P.; Paskal, W.; Włodarski, P. Wound Healing Impairment in Type 2 Diabetes Model of Leptin-Deficient Mice—A Mechanistic Systematic Review. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 8621. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23158621
Stachura A, Khanna I, Krysiak P, Paskal W, Włodarski P. Wound Healing Impairment in Type 2 Diabetes Model of Leptin-Deficient Mice—A Mechanistic Systematic Review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(15):8621. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23158621
Chicago/Turabian StyleStachura, Albert, Ishani Khanna, Piotr Krysiak, Wiktor Paskal, and Paweł Włodarski. 2022. "Wound Healing Impairment in Type 2 Diabetes Model of Leptin-Deficient Mice—A Mechanistic Systematic Review" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 15: 8621. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23158621