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Article

UvSorA and UvSorB Involved in Sorbicillinoid Biosynthesis Contribute to Fungal Development, Stress Response and Phytotoxicity in Ustilaginoidea virens

by
Xuping Zhang
1,
Dan Xu
1,
Xuwen Hou
1,
Penglin Wei
2,
Jiajin Fu
1,
Zhitong Zhao
1,
Mingpeng Jing
1,
Daowan Lai
1,
Wenbing Yin
2,* and
Ligang Zhou
1,*
1
State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
2
State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(19), 11056; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911056
Submission received: 2 September 2022 / Revised: 14 September 2022 / Accepted: 16 September 2022 / Published: 21 September 2022
(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Biology)
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Abstract

Ustilaginoidea virens (teleomorph: Villosiclava virens) is an important fungal pathogen that causes a devastating rice disease. It can produce mycotoxins including sorbicillinoids. The biosynthesis and biological functions of sorbicillinoids have not been reported in U. virens. In this study, we identified a sorbicillinoid biosynthetic gene cluster in which two polyketide synthase genes UvSorA and UvSorB were responsible for sorbicillinoid biosynthesis in U. virens. In ∆UvSorA and ∆UvSorB mutants, the mycelial growth, sporulation and hyphal hydrophobicity were increased dramatically, while the resistances to osmotic pressure, metal cations, and fungicides were reduced. Both phytotoxic activity of rice germinated seeds and cell wall integrity were also reduced. Furthermore, mycelia and cell walls of ∆UvSorA and ∆UvSorB mutants showed alterations of microscopic and submicroscopic structures. In addition, feeding experiment showed that sorbicillinoids could restore mycelial growth, sporulation, and cell wall integrity in ∆UvSorA and ∆UvSorB mutants. The results demonstrated that both UvSorA and UvSorB were responsible for sorbicillinoid biosynthesis in U. virens, and contributed to development (mycelial growth, sporulation, and cell wall integrity), stress responses, and phytotoxicity through sorbicillinoid mediation. It provides an insight into further investigation of biological functions and biosynthesis of sorbicillinoids.
Keywords: rice false smut disease; Ustilaginoidea virens; mycotoxins; sorbicillinoids; biosynthesis; UvSorA; UvSorB; gene deletion; phenotypes; biological functions rice false smut disease; Ustilaginoidea virens; mycotoxins; sorbicillinoids; biosynthesis; UvSorA; UvSorB; gene deletion; phenotypes; biological functions

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MDPI and ACS Style

Zhang, X.; Xu, D.; Hou, X.; Wei, P.; Fu, J.; Zhao, Z.; Jing, M.; Lai, D.; Yin, W.; Zhou, L. UvSorA and UvSorB Involved in Sorbicillinoid Biosynthesis Contribute to Fungal Development, Stress Response and Phytotoxicity in Ustilaginoidea virens. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 11056. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911056

AMA Style

Zhang X, Xu D, Hou X, Wei P, Fu J, Zhao Z, Jing M, Lai D, Yin W, Zhou L. UvSorA and UvSorB Involved in Sorbicillinoid Biosynthesis Contribute to Fungal Development, Stress Response and Phytotoxicity in Ustilaginoidea virens. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(19):11056. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911056

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhang, Xuping, Dan Xu, Xuwen Hou, Penglin Wei, Jiajin Fu, Zhitong Zhao, Mingpeng Jing, Daowan Lai, Wenbing Yin, and Ligang Zhou. 2022. "UvSorA and UvSorB Involved in Sorbicillinoid Biosynthesis Contribute to Fungal Development, Stress Response and Phytotoxicity in Ustilaginoidea virens" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 19: 11056. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911056

APA Style

Zhang, X., Xu, D., Hou, X., Wei, P., Fu, J., Zhao, Z., Jing, M., Lai, D., Yin, W., & Zhou, L. (2022). UvSorA and UvSorB Involved in Sorbicillinoid Biosynthesis Contribute to Fungal Development, Stress Response and Phytotoxicity in Ustilaginoidea virens. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(19), 11056. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911056

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