Prevalence of Bacterial Coinfections with Vibrio harveyi in the Industrialized Flow-through Aquaculture Systems in Hainan Province: A Neglected High-Risk Lethal Causative Agent to Hybrid Grouper
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Predominant of Vibrio spp. in the Liver of Diseased Hybrid Groupers
2.2. Higher Mortality Rate in Coinfections with V. harveyi GDH11385 Than Monoinfection
2.3. The Duration of the Coinfection State Depends on the Infection Concentration of Strain GDH11385
2.4. Intestine, Liver and Spleen Were Target Organs of GDH11385 in Coinfections and Monoinfection
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Isolation and Identification of Bacterial Pathogens from Diseased Hybrid Groupers
4.2. Preparation of Bacterial Cultures
4.3. Artificial Infection
4.4. Total Bacterial Colony Counting
4.5. Colony Identification of Strain GDH11385
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Isolates | Top-Hit Taxon and Strain | Similarity (%) |
---|---|---|
HNHG-01 | Vibrio proteolyticus NBRC 13287 | 99.22 |
HNHG-02 | Vibrio proteolyticus NBRC 13287 | 99.26 |
HNHG-03 | Vibrio proteolyticus NBRC 13287 | 99.27 |
HNHG-04 | Vibrio fortis LMG 21557 | 99.86 |
HNHG-05 | Vibrio harveyi NBRC 15634 | 99.79 |
HNHG-06 | Shewanella corallii fav-2-10-05 | 99.07 |
HNHG-07 | Vibrio owensii LMG 25443 | 99.86 |
HNHG-08 | Vibrio ponticus CECT 5869 | 99.72 |
HNHG-09 | Vibrio owensii LMG 25443 | 99.86 |
HNHG-10 | Vibrio hyugaensis 090810a | 99.78 |
HNHG-11 | Vibrio parahaemolyticus NBRC 12711 | 99.43 |
HNHG-12 | Vibrio taketomensis C4III282 | 99.93 |
HNHG-13 | Vibrio owensii LMG 25443 | 99.86 |
HNHG-14 | Vibrio ponticus CECT 5869 | 99.86 |
HNHG-15 | Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida NCIMB 2058 | 99.16 |
HNHG-16 | Shewanella corallii fav-2-10-05 | 99.14 |
HNHG-17 | Shewanella corallii fav-2-10-05 | 98.81 |
HNHG-18 | Shewanella corallii fav-2-10-05 | 99.00 |
HNHG-19 | Providencia rettgeri DSM 4542 | 99.64 |
HNHG-20 | Vibrio proteolyticus NBRC 13287 | 99.20 |
HNHG-21 | Vibrio fortis LMG 21557 | 99.78 |
HNHG-22 | Vibrio hyugaensis 090810a | 99.33 |
HNHG-23 | Vibrio taketomensis C4III282 | 99.86 |
HNHG-24 | Vibrio rhodolitus G98 | 99.86 |
HNHG-25 | Vibrio ponticus CECT 5869 | 99.92 |
HNHG-26 | Vibrio ponticus CECT 5869 | 99.86 |
HNHG-27 | Shewanella corallii fav-2-10-05 | 99.85 |
HNHG-28 | Shewanella corallii fav-2-10-05 | 99.48 |
HNHG-29 | Providencia rettgeri DSM 4542 | 99.49 |
Group | V. harveyi GDH11385 | Mixture of Isolated Pathogens | Number of Fish | 7-Day Average Mortality |
---|---|---|---|---|
A | 0 (1 × PBS) | 1 × 105 CFU/g | 10 | 0% |
B | 1 × 103 CFU/g | 1 × 105 CFU/g | 10 | 3.33% |
C | 1 × 104 CFU/g | 1 × 105 CFU/g | 10 | 13.33% |
D | 1 × 105 CFU/g | 1 × 105 CFU/g | 10 | 46.67% |
E | 1 × 105 CFU/g | 0 (1 × PBS) | 10 | 33.33% |
CK | 0 (1 × PBS) | 0 (1 × PBS) | 10 | 0% |
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Xu, H.; Zeng, Y.-H.; Yin, W.-L.; Lu, H.-B.; Gong, X.-X.; Zhang, N.; Zhang, X.; Long, H.; Ren, W.; Cai, X.-N.; et al. Prevalence of Bacterial Coinfections with Vibrio harveyi in the Industrialized Flow-through Aquaculture Systems in Hainan Province: A Neglected High-Risk Lethal Causative Agent to Hybrid Grouper. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 11628. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911628
Xu H, Zeng Y-H, Yin W-L, Lu H-B, Gong X-X, Zhang N, Zhang X, Long H, Ren W, Cai X-N, et al. Prevalence of Bacterial Coinfections with Vibrio harveyi in the Industrialized Flow-through Aquaculture Systems in Hainan Province: A Neglected High-Risk Lethal Causative Agent to Hybrid Grouper. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(19):11628. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911628
Chicago/Turabian StyleXu, He, Yan-Hua Zeng, Wen-Liang Yin, Hong-Bin Lu, Xiao-Xiao Gong, Na Zhang, Xiang Zhang, Hao Long, Wei Ren, Xiao-Ni Cai, and et al. 2022. "Prevalence of Bacterial Coinfections with Vibrio harveyi in the Industrialized Flow-through Aquaculture Systems in Hainan Province: A Neglected High-Risk Lethal Causative Agent to Hybrid Grouper" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 19: 11628. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911628