Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin as Potential Predictive Biomarker of Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancers in Psoriatic Patients: A Pilot Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Patients with Psoriasis and Controls: Demographic and Clinical Data
2.2. Patients with Psoriasis and Healthy Controls: Laboratoristic Data
2.3. Patients with Psoriasis and Skin Cancers: Clinical and Histological Features
2.4. Patients with Psoriasis without Skin Cancers vs. Patients with Psoriasis and NMSC
2.5. Patients with Psoriasis without Skin Cancers vs. Patients with Psoriasis and Melanoma
2.6. Patients with Psoriasis and Skin Cancers at Follow-Up
2.7. Patients with Skin Cancers without Psoriasis vs. Patients with Skin Cancers and Psoriasis
3. Material and Methods
3.1. Patients’ Enrolment
3.2. Plasma Collection
3.2.1. NGAL, MMP-2, and MMP-9 Detection with Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
3.2.2. 25(OH)-Vitamin D Dosage
3.2.3. Detection of CRP and ESR
3.3. Statistical Analysis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Patients with Psoriasis (n = 98) | Healthy Controls (n = 20) | Patients with Skin Cancers (n = 15) | |
---|---|---|---|
Sex (N,%) | |||
Female Male | 39 (39.8) 59 (60.2) | 12 (60) 8 (40) | 9 (60) 6 (40) |
Age | |||
mean ± SD (range) | 53.8 ± 18.2 (19–93) | 56.5 ± 10.6 (37–74) | 68.8 ± 17.9 (38–95) |
Family history of psoriasis | |||
(N,%) | 50 (51.0) | 0 (100) | 0 (100) |
Family history of NMSC (N,%) | 17 (17.3) | 0 (100) | 3 (20) |
Family history of melanoma (N,%) | 1 (1.0) | 0 (100) | 1 (6.7) |
Fitzpatrick’s type (N,%) | |||
I II III | 1 (2.0) 73 (74.5) 24 (24.5) | 0 (0) 16 (80) 4 (20) | 1 (6.7) 10 (66.7) 4 (26.6) |
Type of psoriasis (N,%) | |||
Plaque Psoriasis Guttate Psoriasis Palmo-plantar Psoriasis Inverse Psoriasis Combination of two or more types | 70 (71.4) 8 (8.2) 5 (5.1) 5 (5.1) 10 (10.2) | - | - |
Disease duration (years) | |||
mean ± SD (range) | 17.5 ± 11.1 (1–49) | - | - |
PASI score | |||
Total Female Male (range) | 8.5 8 7.9 (2–17) | - | - |
NMSC (N,%) | |||
Total Female Male | 15 (15.3) 6 (40) 9 (60) | - | 12 (80) 8 (53.3) 4 (26.7) |
Melanoma (N,%) | - | ||
Total Female Male | 8 (53.3) 3 (37.5) 5 (62.5) | 3 (20) 2 (66.7) 1 (33.3) |
Patients (n = 98) | Controls (n = 20) | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|
NGAL (ng/mL) | 144.2 ± 41.8 | 17.1 ± 11.7 | <0.0001 * |
MMP-2 (ng/mL) | 58.1 ± 44.5 | 170.9 ± 136.7 | <0.0001 * |
MMP-9 (ng/mL) | 329.5 ± 156.7 | 72.4 ± 27.6 | <0.0001 * |
CRP (mg/dL) | 0.4 ± 0.4 | 0.2 ± 0.2 | 0.02 * |
ESR (mm/h) | 15.2 ± 9.5 | 8.8 ± 3.0 | 0.004 * |
25(OH)-vitamin D (ng/mL) | 26.1 ± 7.4 | 28.6 ± 7.4 | 0.18 |
BCC | SCC | BCC + SCC | |
---|---|---|---|
Total (N,%) Female Male | 10 (10.2) 4 (40) 6 (60) | 4 (4.1) 2 (50) 2 (50) | 1 (1.0) 0 1 (100) |
Anatomical site | |||
Head/neck Trunk Arms | 3 (30.0) 5 (50) 2 (20) | 4 (100) 0 0 | 1 (100) 0 0 |
Histologic type | |||
BCC | |||
Superficial | 9 (90) | - | 1 (100) |
Nodular | 1 (10) | - | 0 |
SCC | |||
In situ | 3 (75) | 0 | |
invasive | - | 1 (25) | 1 (100) |
N (%) | 8 (8.16) |
Anatomical site | |
Head/neck Trunk Legs | 1 (12.5) 6 (75) 1 (12.5) |
Histologic type | |
Superficial spreading melanoma | 8 (100) |
Breslow thickness | |
In situ <0.75 mm | 5 (62.5) 3 (37.5) |
Clark level | |
I III III | 5 (62.5) 1 (12.5) 2 (25) |
Mitosis (N/mm2) | |
0 ≥1 | 7 (87.5) 1 (12.5) |
Ulceration | |
Yes No | 0 (0) 8 (100) |
Vertical growth phase | |
Yes No | 7 (87.5) 1 (12.5) |
Melanic pigment | |
Yes No | 3 (37.5) 5 (62.5) |
Lymphohistiocytic peritumor infiltrate | |
Yes No | 3 (37.5) 5 (62.5) |
Regression | |
Yes <75% ≥75% No | 3 (37.5) 1 (12.5) 2 (25) 5 (62.5) |
Solar elastosis | |
Yes No | 2 (25) 6 (75) |
Vascular invasion, neurotropism, microsatellitosis | |
Yes No | 0 (0) 8 (100) |
Associated nevus | |
Yes No | 1 (12.5) 7 (87.5) |
Psoriasis without Skin Cancers | Psoriasis and NMSC | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Total (N) Female (N) Male (N) | 75 30 45 | 15 6 9 | |
Age mean ± SD | 49.5 ± 17.6 | 71.1 ± 12.7 | <0.0001 * |
PASI score | 8.0 ± 3.2 | 9.3 ± 2.7 | 0.14 |
NGAL (ng/mL) | 139.9 ± 39.3 | 182.3 ± 36.6 | <0.001 * |
MMP-2 (ng/mL) | 55.3 ± 23.4 | 61.4 ± 74.8 | 0.56 |
MMP-9 (ng/mL) | 342.4 ± 172.2 | 264.0 ± 84.9 | 0.09 |
CRP (mg/dL) | 0.4 ± 0.4 | 0.6 ± 0.6 | 0.04 * |
ESR (mm/h) | 14.7 ± 8.8 | 15.6 ± 9.2 | 0.72 |
25(OH)-vitamin D (ng/mL) | 26.2 ± 7.3 | 27.4 ± 8.3 | 0.56 |
Psoriasis without Skin Cancers | Psoriasis and Melanoma | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Total (N) Female (N) Male (N) | 75 30 45 | 8 3 5 | |
Age mean ± SD | 49.5 ± 17.6 | 61.9 ± 9.7 | 0.05 * |
PASI score | 8.0 ± 3.2 | 6.0 ± 4.9 | 0.09 |
NGAL (ng/mL) | 139.9 ± 39.3 | 112.9 ± 26.6 | 0.06 |
MMP-2 (ng/mL) | 55.3 ± 23.4 | 77.9 ± 99.9 | 0.10 |
MMP-9 (ng/mL) | 342.5 ± 171.2 | 331.5 ± 69.4 | 0.86 |
CRP (mg/dL) | 0.4 ± 0.4 | 0.4 ± 0.4 | 0.91 |
ESR (mm/h) | 14.7 ± 8.8 | 18.7 ± 12.2 | 0.24 |
25(OH)-vitamin D (ng/mL) | 26.2 ± 7.3 | 23.5 ± 7.6 | 0.33 |
NMSC Type | Anatomical Site | Timing (Months) | NGAL | MMP-2 | MMP-9 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pt 1 | ||||||
t0 t1 | BCC BCC | Head/neck Head/neck | 16 | 152.9 98.3 | 32.9 98.3 | 288.2 534.6 |
Pt 2 | ||||||
t0 t1 | - SCC | - Head/neck | 16 | 183.5 122.0 | 32.8 98.0 | 219.3 577.5 |
Pt 3 | ||||||
t0 t1 t2 t3 | BCC BCC BCC BCC | Head/neck Trunk Trunk Trunk | 8 4 8 | 121.0 245.1 221.0 197.6 | 71.3 36.6 40.3 40.5 | 240.7 318.5 336.7 390.6 |
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Verdelli, A.; Caproni, M.; Coi, A.; Corrà, A.; Degl’Innocenti, D.; Vasarri, M.; Quintarelli, L.; Volpi, V.; Cipollini, E.M.; Barletta, E. Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin as Potential Predictive Biomarker of Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancers in Psoriatic Patients: A Pilot Study. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 12291. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232012291
Verdelli A, Caproni M, Coi A, Corrà A, Degl’Innocenti D, Vasarri M, Quintarelli L, Volpi V, Cipollini EM, Barletta E. Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin as Potential Predictive Biomarker of Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancers in Psoriatic Patients: A Pilot Study. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(20):12291. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232012291
Chicago/Turabian StyleVerdelli, Alice, Marzia Caproni, Alessio Coi, Alberto Corrà, Donatella Degl’Innocenti, Marzia Vasarri, Lavinia Quintarelli, Valter Volpi, Emanuele Maria Cipollini, and Emanuela Barletta. 2022. "Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin as Potential Predictive Biomarker of Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancers in Psoriatic Patients: A Pilot Study" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 20: 12291. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232012291