Quenching of Protein Fluorescence by Fullerenol C60(OH)36 Nanoparticles
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Characterization of C60(OH)36 Aqueous Suspensions
2.2. Spectral Characteristics of Fullerenol
2.3. Protein Fluorescence Quenching by Fullerenol
2.4. Mechanism of Fluorescence Quenching by Fullerenol
2.5. Determination of the Binding Parameters
2.6. Energy Transfer
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Reagents and Materials
4.2. Methods
4.2.1. Synthesis of Fullerenol Nanoparticles
4.2.2. Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis
4.2.3. ζ-Potential Measurements
4.2.4. Preparation of the Sample of Fullerenol with Proteins
4.2.5. Spectroscopic Measurements
4.2.6. Lifetime Measurements
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | Water | 0.02 M Phosphate Buffer pH 7.4 |
---|---|---|
Mean (nm) ± SD | 186.5 ± 76.6 | 164.4 ± 65.6 |
Mode (nm) | 132.8 | 117.3 |
Concentration (particles/mL) | 2.65 e + 008 | 4.55 e + 008 |
Zeta potential (mV) ± SD | −27.5 ± 1.0 | −37.4 ± 3.0 |
Molar Extinction Coefficient ε280 [mol−1 l cm−1] | |
---|---|
ADH | 167,900 |
HSA | 35,340 |
FUL in 0.02 M phosphate buffer pH 7.4 | 43,336 |
Concentration of FUL [µM] | τ1 [ns] (α1) | τ2 [ns] (α2) | τ3 [ns] (α3) | <τ> [ns] | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ADH + FUL | 0 | 4.8040 | 1.8636 | 0.5017 | 2.6894 | 0.998 |
(0.3909) | (0.3716) | (0.2376) | ||||
2.64 | 4.8590 | 2.0210 | 0.6145 | 2.7143 | 0.969 | |
(0.3750) | (0.2611) | (0.2638) | ||||
5.36 | 4.7977 | 1.8792 | 0.5522 | 2.6606 | 0.987 | |
(0.3793) | (0.3753) | (0.2454) | ||||
13.36 | 4.8332 | 1.9843 | 0.5832 | 2.6684 | 0.972 | |
(0.3709) | (0.3631) | (0.2660) | ||||
26.64 | 4.8140 | 1.9055 | 0.5346 | 2.6182 | 0.986 | |
(0.3669) | (0.3745) | (0.2586) | ||||
40.00 | 4.8168 | 1.9429 | 0.5514 | 2.6397 | 0.989 | |
(0.3703) | (0.3658) | (0.2640) | ||||
53.36 | 4.8025 | 1.9342 | 0.5385 | 2.6075 | 1.018 | |
(0.3654) | (0.3662) | (0.2684) | ||||
80.00 | 4.8393 | 2.0225 | 0.6241 | 2.6221 | 0.972 | |
(0.3518) | (0.3683) | (0.2798) | ||||
106.64 | 4.8105 | 1.9846 | 0.5850 | 2.5839 | 0.994 | |
(0.3507) | (0.3694) | (0.2799) | ||||
133.36 | 4.7757 | 1.9377 | 0.5571 | 2.5306 | 0.987 | |
(0.3495) | (0.3617) | (0.2889 | ||||
HSA + FUL | 0 | 7.2305 | 3.4098 | 0.8234 | 3.9624 | 1.010 |
(0.3359) | (0.3815) | (0.2826) | ||||
2.64 | 7.2217 | 3.3001 | 0.7711 | 3.7433 | 1.007 | |
(0.3175) | (0.3653) | (0.3171) | ||||
13.36 | 7.0044 | 2.8965 | 0.6909 | 3.4167 | 1.009 | |
(0.3093) | (0.3504) | (0.3403) | ||||
40.00 | 6.9017 | 2.6751 | 0.6620 | 2.9743 | 0.982 | |
(0.2574) | (0.3509) | (0.3918) | ||||
80.00 | 6.7892 | 2.5679 | 0.6879 | 2.6013 | 0.970 | |
(0.2047) | (0.3534) | (0.4419) | ||||
133.36 | 6.5247 | 2.3054 | 0.6084 | 2.2367 | 0.963 | |
(0.1720) | (0.3600) | (0.4681) |
TIME-RESOLVED MEASUREMENTS | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Dynamic Quenching | ||||
λex/λem [nm] | KSV [M−1] | R2 | ||
ADH + FUL | 280/330 | 461 ± 43 | 0.9999 | |
HSA + FUL | 280/340 | 10869 ± 989 | 0.9998 | |
STEADY-STATE MEASUREMENTS | ||||
Dynamic Quenching | Static Quenching | |||
λex/λem [nm] | KSV [M−1] | V [M−1] | R2 | |
ADH + FUL | 280/304 | 461 | 8796 ± 68 | 0.9977 |
280/340 | 461 | 4917 ± 103 | 0.9887 | |
295/340 | 461 | 4610 ± 104 | 0.9872 | |
HSA + FUL | 280/304 | 12353 ± 1919 | 14067 ± 753 | 0.9993 |
280/340 | 13097 ± 1528 | 11742 ± 583 | 0.9994 | |
295/340 | 10831 ± 1956 | 10966 ± 837 | 0.9988 |
λex/λem [nm] | Concentration of FUL [M] | Kb [M−1] | n | R2 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ADH + FUL | 280/304 | 2.64 × 10−6–1.40 × 10−5 | 136.6 | 0.60 ± 0.03 | 0.9957 |
280/340 | 17.5 | 0.45 ± 0.04 | 0.9789 | ||
295/340 | 3616 | 0.91 ± 0.17 | 0.9663 | ||
280/304 | 2.66 × 10−5–5.34 × 10−5 | 1.25 × 105 | 1.24 ± 0.04 | 0.9992 | |
280/340 | 1.19 × 105 | 1.30 ± 0.15 | 0.9869 | ||
295/340 | 1.36 × 105 | 1.31 ± 0.10 | 0.9941 | ||
280/304 | 8.00 × 10−5–1.33 × 10−4 | 8.00 × 106 | 1.68 ± 0.11 | 0.9956 | |
280/340 | 1.82 × 106 | 1.61 ± 0.06 | 0.9985 | ||
295/340 | 1.95 × 106 | 1.62 ± 0.03 | 0.9997 | ||
HSA + FUL | 280/304 | 2.64 × 10−6–1.40 × 10−5 | 8671 | 0.87 ± 0.02 | 0.9993 |
280/340 | 6246 | 0.84 ± 0.01 | 0.9999 | ||
295/340 | 3896 | 0.81 ± 0.03 | 0.9990 | ||
280/304 | 1.40 × 10−5–4.00 × 10−5 | 2.02 × 105 | 1.15 ± 0.02 | 0.9998 | |
280/340 | 6.23 × 104 | 1.05 ± 0.01 | 0.9999 | ||
295/340 | 6.34 × 104 | 1.06 ± 0.04 | 0.9987 | ||
280/304 | 8.00 × 10−5–1.33 × 10−4 | 2.72 × 1010 | 2.38 ± 0.02 | 0.9999 | |
280/340 | 2.02 × 109 | 2.12 ± 0.06 | 0.9992 | ||
295/340 | 1.20 × 109 | 2.09 ± 0.01 | 0.9999 |
τ1 [ns](α3) | τ2 [ns](α1) | τ3 [ns](α2) | τ4 [ns](α3) | <τ>[ns] | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
FUL in 0.02 M Phosphate Buffer pH 7.4 | 6.4423 | 1.7801 | 0.3502 | 0.0531 | 0.545 | 1.040 |
(0.0285) | (0.1304) | (0.2860) | (0.5552) | |||
ADH + FUL | 6.3530 | 2.5694 | 0.9725 | 0.2078 | 1.533 | 0.960 |
(0.0855) | (0.2614) | (0.2389) | (0.4142) | |||
HSA + FUL | 8.667 | 3.061 | 1.1289 | 0.3005 | 1.637 | 0.959 |
(0.0658) | (0.1869) | (0.3260) | (0.4212) |
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Lichota, A.; Szabelski, M.; Krokosz, A. Quenching of Protein Fluorescence by Fullerenol C60(OH)36 Nanoparticles. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 12382. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232012382
Lichota A, Szabelski M, Krokosz A. Quenching of Protein Fluorescence by Fullerenol C60(OH)36 Nanoparticles. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(20):12382. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232012382
Chicago/Turabian StyleLichota, Anna, Mariusz Szabelski, and Anita Krokosz. 2022. "Quenching of Protein Fluorescence by Fullerenol C60(OH)36 Nanoparticles" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 20: 12382. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232012382