Involvement of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1-α in Experimental Testicular Ischemia and Reperfusion: Effects of Polydeoxyribonucleotide and Selenium
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Effects of PDRN, Se, and Their Association on Testis Weight
2.2. Effects of PDRN, Se, and Their Association on Testosterone Levels
2.3. Effects of PDRN, Se, and Their Association on Oxidative Stress Parameters
2.4. Effects of PDRN, Se, and Their Association on Nrf2 and pErk 1/2 Expression
2.5. Effects of PDRN, Se, and Their Association on Testis Structure
2.6. Effects of PDRN, Se, and Their Association on Apoptosis with TUNEL Assay
2.7. Effects of PDRN, Se, and Their Association on HIF-1α Activity
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Ethical Approval
4.2. Experimental Protocol
4.3. Isolation of Soluble Proteins
4.4. Determination of GSH and MDA Levels
4.5. Determination of Testosterone Levels
4.6. Determination of Nrf2 and pErk 1/2 by Western Blot Analysis
4.7. Histological Evaluation
4.8. Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase dUTP Nick End Labeling (TUNEL) Assay for Apoptosis
4.9. Immunohistochemistry for HIF-1α
4.10. Drugs
4.11. Statistical Analysis
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Groups | Testis Weight (g) | Testosterone (ng/mL) | GSH (µmol/g Tissue) | MDA (nmol/g Tissue) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sham | 1.71 ± 0.21 | 5.7 ± 0.4 | 344 ± 14 | 5.4 ± 0.3 |
I/R + vehicle | 0.93 ± 0.32 a | 2.5 ± 0.4 a | 262 ± 15 a | 11.8 ± 0.4 a |
I/R CL + vehicle | 1.38 ± 0.35 a | 271 ± 13 a | 9.8 ± 0.3 a | |
I/R + PDRN | 1.40 ± 0.29 a,b | 4.1 ± 0.3 a,b | 294 ± 16 a | 8.7 ± 0.5 a |
I/R CL + PDRN | 1.55 ± 0.27 a,b | 305 ± 14 a,b | 7.2 ± 0.3 a,b | |
I/R + Se | 1.44 ± 0.33 a,b | 4.4 ± 0.5 a,b | 303 ± 13 a,b | 8.1 ± 0.5 a,b |
I/R CL + Se | 1.59 ± 0.25 a,b | 316 ± 15 a,b | 6.8 ± 0.4 a,b | |
I/R + PDRN + Se | 1.62 ± 0.27 b | 5.3 ± 0.4 b | 331 ± 15 b | 5.9 ± 0.2 b |
I/R CL + PDRN + Se | 1.70 ± 0.26 b | 337 ± 13 b | 5.5 ± 0.2 b |
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Antonuccio, P.; Pallio, G.; Marini, H.R.; Irrera, N.; Romeo, C.; Puzzolo, D.; Freni, J.; Santoro, G.; Pirrotta, I.; Squadrito, F.; et al. Involvement of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1-α in Experimental Testicular Ischemia and Reperfusion: Effects of Polydeoxyribonucleotide and Selenium. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 13144. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232113144
Antonuccio P, Pallio G, Marini HR, Irrera N, Romeo C, Puzzolo D, Freni J, Santoro G, Pirrotta I, Squadrito F, et al. Involvement of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1-α in Experimental Testicular Ischemia and Reperfusion: Effects of Polydeoxyribonucleotide and Selenium. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(21):13144. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232113144
Chicago/Turabian StyleAntonuccio, Pietro, Giovanni Pallio, Herbert Ryan Marini, Natasha Irrera, Carmelo Romeo, Domenico Puzzolo, Jose Freni, Giuseppe Santoro, Igor Pirrotta, Francesco Squadrito, and et al. 2022. "Involvement of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1-α in Experimental Testicular Ischemia and Reperfusion: Effects of Polydeoxyribonucleotide and Selenium" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 21: 13144. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232113144