Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Key Insights into Fertility Conversion in the Thermo-Sensitive Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Wheat
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Fertility Conversion Analysis of FA99
2.2. Phenotypic Characteristics for FA99 at Different Environments
2.3. Determination of Physiological Indexes
2.4. Transcriptome Analysis
2.5. Screening of Differentially Expressed Genes
2.6. KOG and Gene Ontology (GO) Analysis of DEGs
2.7. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) Pathways of DEGs
2.8. Confirmation of Key DEGs by qRT-PCR
3. Discussion
3.1. FA99 Is a Novel Temperature-Sensitive Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Line
3.2. The Critical Period of Abortion in FA99
3.3. Possible Transcriptome-Mediated Male Sterility Network in FA99
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Plant Materials
4.2. Photo-Thermo-Sensitive Identification
4.3. Phenotypic and Paraffin Section Observations
4.4. Physiological Index Determination
4.5. Total RNA Extraction, cDNA Library Preparation, and Sequencing
4.6. Quality Control and Identification of DEGs
4.7. Functional Annotations of DEGs and Construction of the Putative Network Model
4.8. Expression Analysis of DEGs
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
Bn | Binucleate stage |
DEGs | Differentially expressed genes |
DYAd | Dyad stage |
GO | Gene ontology |
KEGG | Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes |
KOG | Eukaryotic orthologous groups |
MDA | Malondialdehyde |
MMCs | Microspore mother cell stage |
PCD | Programmed cell death |
POD | Peroxidase |
ROS | Reactive oxygen species |
Td | Tetrad stage |
Tn | Trinucleate stage |
Un | Uninucleate stage |
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Sowing Date | Test Location 1 Shunyi, Beijing | Test Location 2 Dengzhou, Henan | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Seeds Set in FA99 (%) | Seeds Set in J411 (%) | Seeds Set in FA99 (%) | Seeds Set in J411 (%) | |
30 September 2017 | 19.52 a | 94.49 a | 0.00 a | 95.56 a |
10 October 2017 | 20.66 a | 97.11 a | 0.42 a | 98.41 a |
20 October 2017 | 35.63 b | 100.02 a | 4.61 b | 97.89 a |
30 October 2017 | — | — | 6.35 b | 104.54 a |
10 November 2017 | — | — | 18.44 c | 102.98 a |
30 September 2018 | 18.29 a | 95.87 a | 0.00 a | 97.13 a |
10 October 2018 | 20.96 a | 98.23 a | 0.57 a | 96.32 a |
20 October 2018 | 37.82 b | 102.10 a | 3.97 b | 98.47 a |
30 October 2018 | — | — | 6.90 b | 105.69 a |
10 November 2018 | — | — | 16.85 c | 103.33 a |
Classification | Treatment | FA99 (%) | J411 (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Temperature/°C | 10 | 0.10 a | 72.24 a | |
12 | 0.56 a | 75.32 a | ||
14 | 8.51 b | 78.89 a | ||
16 | 19.36 c | 80.22 a | ||
Photoperiod/(h·d−1) | 10 | 0.12 a | 86.13 a | |
12 | 0.78 a | 83.04 a | ||
14 | 1.01 a | 80.53 a | ||
Stage of treatment | Floret differentiation to pistil and stamen differentiation | low temperature (10 °C) | 15.98 a | 70.13 a |
Pistil and stamen differentiation to pollen mother cell stage | 12.45 a | 72.32 a | ||
Pollen mother cell stage to tetrad stage | 0.11 b | 69.87 a | ||
Tetrad stage to uninucleate stage | 0.18 b | 71.85 a |
Samples ID | Total Reads | Clean Reads | GC Content (%) | Q30 (%) | Mapped Reads (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
D-FA99-TE-1 | 117,990,620 | 115,339,156 | 53.84 | 92.84 | 86.981 |
D-FA99-TE-2 | 49,126,114 | 49,108,526 | 54.38 | 95.08 | 89.215 |
D-FA99-TE-3 | 76,933,564 | 74,340,224 | 53.76 | 93.39 | 87.315 |
B-FA99-TE-1 | 92,631,228 | 89,504,426 | 53.70 | 93.35 | 84.094 |
B-FA99-TE-2 | 84,097,450 | 82,116,542 | 53.33 | 93.23 | 89.108 |
B-FA99-TE-3 | 93,299,450 | 90,770,058 | 53.46 | 93.56 | 89.989 |
D-J411-TE-1 | 71,488,332 | 35,744,166 | 56.94 | 94.97 | 93.55 |
D-J411-TE-2 | 75,086,450 | 37,543,225 | 56.36 | 95.05 | 90.99 |
D-J411-TE-3 | 74,145,164 | 37,072,582 | 56.79 | 95.26 | 94.16 |
B-J411-TE-1 | 71,026,180 | 35,511,809 | 55.53 | 94.37 | 93.71 |
B-J411-TE-2 | 84,096,402 | 42,048,201 | 56.59 | 94.27 | 94.02 |
B-J411-TE-3 | 71,733,286 | 35,866,643 | 56.83 | 94.41 | 93.53 |
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Liu, Z.; Niu, F.; Yuan, S.; Feng, S.; Li, Y.; Lu, F.; Zhang, T.; Bai, J.; Zhao, C.; Zhang, L. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Key Insights into Fertility Conversion in the Thermo-Sensitive Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Wheat. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 14354. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232214354
Liu Z, Niu F, Yuan S, Feng S, Li Y, Lu F, Zhang T, Bai J, Zhao C, Zhang L. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Key Insights into Fertility Conversion in the Thermo-Sensitive Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Wheat. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(22):14354. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232214354
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Zihan, Fuqiang Niu, Shaohua Yuan, Shuying Feng, Yanmei Li, Fengkun Lu, Tianbao Zhang, Jianfang Bai, Changping Zhao, and Liping Zhang. 2022. "Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Key Insights into Fertility Conversion in the Thermo-Sensitive Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Wheat" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 22: 14354. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232214354