Self-Standing Bioinspired Polymer Films Doped with Ultrafine Silver Nanoparticles as Innovative Antimicrobial Material
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Preparation of Hybrid Films
2.2. Microscopic Characterization of Thin Films
2.2.1. Optical Microscopy and Visual Appearance
2.2.2. Morphological Study: Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
2.3. Water Uptake Measurements of Reinforced Polymer Films
2.4. Thermal Stability of Thin Films: Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA)
2.5. Spectroscopic Characterization of the Films
2.5.1. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy
2.5.2. Surface Analysis by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)
2.6. Antimicrobial Tests
2.6.1. Optimization of Test Conditions
2.6.2. Disk Diffusion Method to Test Developed Films against Foodborne Pathogens
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Materials and Preparation of Hybrid Films
3.2. Morphology and Particle Distribution
3.3. Water Uptake Measurements
3.4. Thermogravimetric Analysis
3.5. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
3.6. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
3.7. Antimicrobial Activity
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Composition of Thin Films | Sample Label |
---|---|
CS | F1 |
CS/TA | F2 |
CS/AgNPs | F1Ag |
CS/TA/AgNPs | F2Ag |
CS/GA/TA | F3 |
CS/GA/TA/AgNPs | F3Ag |
Functional Group | Wavenumber (cm −1) | Description |
---|---|---|
C=O | 1632 | Interactions of the amide group I (CONH2) with the functional groups of TA upon crosslinking cause pronounced C=O stretching |
NH3+ symmetrical deformation | ~1540 | Interactions of CS with TA in acidic conditions cause ionization of the primary amino group II in the presence of carboxylic group |
CH3 symmetrical deformation mode | 1405 | Changes of the relative peak intensities due to the interaction with TA |
1380 | ||
C-N stretching | 1326 | Strong signal from TA, blue shift and decrease in the intensity due to the interaction with CS |
C-O vibration | 1200 | Disappearance of the band upon addition of AgNPs |
OH bending vibration | ~1145 | Due to the structure of the saccharide |
C-O-C bonding vibrations | 1100–1000 | Peak separation changes due to the crosslinking and functional groups interaction |
AgNPs | 826 | Interaction of AgNPs with O- and N-rich functional groups |
Sample Composition | F3 (CS/GA/TA) | F2Ag (CS/TA/AgNPs) | F3Ag (CS/GA/TA/AgNPs) |
---|---|---|---|
Element | Atomic % | ||
C | 74 ± 3 | 65.2 ± 0.5 | 69 ± 2 |
O | 22 ± 2 | 25.6 ± 0.5 | 26.3 ± 1.5 |
N | 3.6 ± 0.5 | 4.6 ± 0.5 | 4.5 ± 0.6 |
Ag | / | 2.9 ± 0.2 | 0.2 ± 0.2 |
Si | 0.4 ± 0.5 | 1.1 ± 0.5 | <0.5 |
Ca | <0.5 | 0.6 ± 0.5 | <0.5 |
I | <0.2 | <0.2 | <0.2 |
Sample | Component | Assignment | Relative Abundance% |
---|---|---|---|
F3 | 284.8 | C-C, C-H | 50 ± 3 |
286.3 | C-O, C-N | 39 ± 4 | |
287.7 | O-C-O, C=O | 6.2 ± 0.9 | |
288.3 | COOH, N-C=O | 4.8 ± 0.7 | |
F2Ag | 284.8 | C-C, C-H | 52 ± 5 |
286.4 | C-O, C-N | 36 ± 4 | |
287.9 | O-C-O, C=O | 10 ± 2 | |
288.9 | COOH, N-C=O | 2 ± 1 | |
F3Ag | 284.8 | C-C, C-H | 47 ± 5 |
286.4 | C-O, C-N | 42 ± 4 | |
287.8 | O-C-O, C=O | 9 ± 2 | |
288.9 | COOH, N-C=O | 2 ± 1 |
Sample | Composition | Zone of Inhibition of Fresh Sample, cm | Zone of Inhibition of Aged Sample, cm | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
S. aureus | S. enterica | S. aureus | S. enterica | ||
F1 | CS | 0.7 ± 0.1 | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 0.6 ± 0.1 |
F2 | CS/TA | 0.7 ± 0.1 | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 0.6 ± 0.1 |
F3 | CS/GA/TA | 0.7 ± 0.1 | 0.7 ± 0.1 | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 0.6 ± 0.1 |
F2Ag | CS/TA/AgNPs | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.1 ± 0.1 |
F3Ag | CS/GA/TA/AgNPs | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 1.1 ± 0.1 |
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Kukushkina, E.A.; Duarte, A.C.; Tartaro, G.; Sportelli, M.C.; Di Franco, C.; Fernández, L.; García, P.; Picca, R.A.; Cioffi, N. Self-Standing Bioinspired Polymer Films Doped with Ultrafine Silver Nanoparticles as Innovative Antimicrobial Material. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 15818. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232415818
Kukushkina EA, Duarte AC, Tartaro G, Sportelli MC, Di Franco C, Fernández L, García P, Picca RA, Cioffi N. Self-Standing Bioinspired Polymer Films Doped with Ultrafine Silver Nanoparticles as Innovative Antimicrobial Material. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(24):15818. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232415818
Chicago/Turabian StyleKukushkina, Ekaterina A., Ana Catarina Duarte, Giuseppe Tartaro, Maria Chiara Sportelli, Cinzia Di Franco, Lucía Fernández, Pilar García, Rosaria Anna Picca, and Nicola Cioffi. 2022. "Self-Standing Bioinspired Polymer Films Doped with Ultrafine Silver Nanoparticles as Innovative Antimicrobial Material" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 24: 15818. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232415818