Anti-Obesity Efficacy of Pediococcus acidilactici MNL5 in Canorhabditis elegans Gut Model
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Isolation and Identification of Cholesterol-Lowering LAB
2.2. Antibiotic Resistance
2.3. Antimicrobial Activity
2.4. Hemolytic Activity
2.5. Survival under In Vitro Gastrointestinal Conditions
Tolerance to Low pH, Pepsin and Bile Salts and Pancreatin
2.6. Chemotaxis Assays
2.7. Worm Size Measurement
2.8. C. elegans Gut Colonization Ability
2.9. C. elegans Life Span Assay
2.10. Lipid Determination by Microscope Analysis
2.11. Transcriptomic Analysis in C. elegans
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Isolation and Characterization of Cholesterol Reducing LAB
4.2. BSH Activityand Cholesterol Assimilation
4.3. Molecular Identification of LAB
4.4. Safety Aspect of LAB
4.4.1. Antibiotic Susceptibility
4.4.2. Antibacterial Activity
4.4.3. Hemolytic Activity
4.5. Gastrointestinal Survival under In Vitro Conditions
4.5.1. Tolerance to Low pH
4.5.2. Tolerance to Pepsin
4.5.3. Resistance of Pancreatin
4.6. In Vivo Studies
4.6.1. Maintain the C. elegans
4.6.2. C. elegans Synchronizing
4.6.3. Chemotaxis Assay
4.6.4. Establishment of Glucose Diet with LAB
4.6.5. Bacterial Colonization Assay
4.6.6. Lifespan Assay
4.6.7. Body Size Measurements
4.6.8. Nile Red and Oil Red O (ORO) Staining Methods
4.6.9. Fluorescence Quantification
4.6.10. RNA Extraction and Primer Deign
4.6.11. Quantitative PCR Analyses
4.7. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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No | Strain Name | Colour Morphology | Shape | Hemolytic Activity | BSH Activity | Cholesterol Assimilation (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | MNL 1 | White/Smooth | cocci | NA | ++ | 25.3 ± 0.54 g |
2 | MNL 2 | White | rod | NA | + | 18.5 ± 0.41 h |
3 | MNL 3 | White/Round | rod | NA | - | 10.2 ± 0.39 h |
4 | MNL 4 | White/Smooth/Round | rod | NA | - | 11.7 ± 0.24 h |
5 | MNL 5 | White/Smooth | cocci | NA | +++ | 89.5 ± 1.09 a |
6 | MNL 6 | White | rod | NA | - | 25.5 ± 0.44 g |
7 | MNL 8 | White | cocci | NA | - | 23.4 ± 0.38 g |
8 | MNL 9 | White | cocci | NA | + | 31.5 ± 0.61 f |
9 | MNL 10 | White/Round | rod | NA | + | 24.5 ± 0.50 g |
10 | MNL 11 | White/Smooth/Round | short rod | NA | ++ | 47.5 ± 0.36 e |
11 | GSC 5 | White/Smooth | rod | NA | + | 31.0 ± 0.37 f |
12 | GSC 8 | White | rod | NA | - | 12.4 ± 0.47 h |
13 | GSC 10 | White | short rod | NA | + | 10.5 ± 0.39 h |
14 | TVL 11 | White/Smooth | short rod | NA | + | 14.6 ± 0.40 h |
15 | TVL 12 | White | short rod | NA | - | 12.4 ± 0.55 h |
16 | SKML 3 | White/Round | rod | NA | + | 22.5 ± 0.51 g |
17 | SKML 4 | White | rod | NA | - | 9.5 ± 0.64 h |
18 | SKML 5 | White/Smooth | cocci | NA | +++ | 77.1 ± 0.98 b |
19 | SKML 6 | White/Smooth | rod | NA | ++ | 69.5 ± 0.78 c |
20 | SKML 8 | White/Smooth/Irregular | rod | NA | + | 53.43 ± 0.63 d |
21 | SKML 10 | White | cocci | NA | + | 47.56 ± 0.51 e |
22 | SKML 11 | White | short rod | NA | + | 45.21 ± 0.69 e |
23 | SKML 12 | White | cocci | NA | - | 25.80 ± 0.40 g |
24 | SKML 13 | White | short rod | NA | - | 22.4 ± 0.35 g |
25 | SK SPL 1 | White/Rough | short rod | NA | - | 21.4 ± 0.44 g |
26 | SK SPL 6 | White | cocci | NA | ++ | 57.4 ± 0.64 a |
27 | SK SPL7 | White/Smooth | cocci | NA | + | 42.5 ± 0.51 e |
28 | GSC 1 | White | cocci | NA | + | 38.4 ± 0.38 f |
29 | GSC 11 | White | short rod | NA | + | 32.5 ± 0.33 f |
30 | GSC 12 | White | cocci | NA | ++ | 41.5 ± 0.46 e |
31 | SKML 18 | White | short rod | NA | ++ | 57.8 ± 0.48 d |
32 | SKML 20 | White/Smooth | cocci | NA | ++ | 68.6 ± 0.64 c |
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Barathikannan, K.; Chelliah, R.; Elahi, F.; Tyagi, A.; Selvakumar, V.; Agastian, P.; Valan Arasu, M.; Oh, D.-H. Anti-Obesity Efficacy of Pediococcus acidilactici MNL5 in Canorhabditis elegans Gut Model. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 1276. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031276
Barathikannan K, Chelliah R, Elahi F, Tyagi A, Selvakumar V, Agastian P, Valan Arasu M, Oh D-H. Anti-Obesity Efficacy of Pediococcus acidilactici MNL5 in Canorhabditis elegans Gut Model. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(3):1276. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031276
Chicago/Turabian StyleBarathikannan, Kaliyan, Ramachandran Chelliah, Fazle Elahi, Akanksha Tyagi, Vijayalakshmi Selvakumar, Paul Agastian, Mariadhas Valan Arasu, and Deog-Hawn Oh. 2022. "Anti-Obesity Efficacy of Pediococcus acidilactici MNL5 in Canorhabditis elegans Gut Model" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 3: 1276. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031276