IL-6 Cytokine Family: A Putative Target for Breast Cancer Prevention and Treatment
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. IL-6 in Breast Cancer
3. LIF in Breast Cancer
4. OSM in Breast Cancer
5. IL-11 in Breast Cancer
6. IL-6 Cytokine Family in Post-Partum Breast Cancer
7. IL-6 Cytokine Family in Mastitis
8. Concluding Remarks
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
BC | Breast Cancer |
CAAs | Cancer Associated Adipocytes, |
CAFs | Cancer Associated Fibroblasts |
CSC | Cancer Stem Cells |
CTCs | Circulating Tumor Cells |
EMT | Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition |
ER | Estrogen Receptor |
ET | Endocrine Therapy |
gp130 | Glycoprotein130 |
HER2 | Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 |
IL-11 | Interleukin-11 |
IL-11R | Interleukin-11 Receptor |
IL-6 | Interleukin-6 |
IL-6R | Interleukin-6 Receptor |
LECs | Lymphatic Endothelial Cells |
LIF | Leukemia Inhibitory Factor |
LIFR | LIF Receptor |
MDSCs | Myeloid Derived Stem Cells |
miR | Micro-RNA |
OSM | Oncostatin M |
OSMR | Oncostatin M Receptor |
PR | Progesterone Receptor |
pSTAT· | Phosphorylated STAT3 |
TNBC | Triple Negative Breast Cancer |
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Topic | Cytokines [Refs] |
---|---|
Stat-3 phosphorylation induction | IL-6 [41]; LIF [67,69,70]; OSM [83] |
High expression and/or circulating levels are associated with cancer stage or prognosis | IL-6 [44,45]; LIF [66]; OSM [66,81,82]; IL-11 [88] |
ER+ breast cancer cells express and/or secrete lower cytokine levels than ER− cells | IL-6 [11,47,48]; LIF [67] |
CSC maintenance, EMT, cell migration and/or invasion induction | IL-6 [43,49,50,51,52]; LIF [67]; OSM [78,79,82,83,84] |
Expression by diverse cell types in tumor microenvironment | IL-6 [31,38,47,53,54,55,56,57,59]; IL-11 [94,96] |
Association with Her2 or endocrine therapy resistance | IL-6 [61,62] |
Induction of TNBC progression | IL-6 [54,64,65] |
Use in targeted therapy | IL-6 [54,62]; LIF [74,75,76,77]; OSM [87] |
Receptor as tumor suppressor | LIF [71,72,73] |
Tumor miRNA modulation | LIF [67]; IL-11 [89,90] |
Involvement in metastatic progression | OSM [85,86]; IL-11 [91,92,93,94,95] |
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Felcher, C.M.; Bogni, E.S.; Kordon, E.C. IL-6 Cytokine Family: A Putative Target for Breast Cancer Prevention and Treatment. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 1809. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031809
Felcher CM, Bogni ES, Kordon EC. IL-6 Cytokine Family: A Putative Target for Breast Cancer Prevention and Treatment. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(3):1809. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031809
Chicago/Turabian StyleFelcher, Carla M., Emilia S. Bogni, and Edith C. Kordon. 2022. "IL-6 Cytokine Family: A Putative Target for Breast Cancer Prevention and Treatment" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 3: 1809. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031809