Signal Transduction during Metabolic and Inflammatory Reprogramming in Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling

Gomes, Marta T.; Bai, Yang; Potje, Simone R.; Zhang, Lu; Lockett, Angelia D.; Machado, Roberto F.

doi:10.3390/ijms23052410

Open AccessReview

Signal Transduction during Metabolic and Inflammatory Reprogramming in Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling

by

Marta T. Gomes

^1,*,†,

Yang Bai

^1,2,†

,

Simone R. Potje

^1,3

,

Lu Zhang

⁴,

Angelia D. Lockett

¹ and

Roberto F. Machado

^1,*

¹

Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA

²

Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China

³

Department of Biological Science, Minas Gerais State University (UEMG), Passos 37900-106, Brazil

⁴

Department of Ion Channel Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China

^*

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

^†

These authors contributed equally to this work.

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(5), 2410; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23052410

Submission received: 10 February 2022 / Accepted: 17 February 2022 / Published: 22 February 2022

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Basis of Vascular Remodeling 2.0)

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Abstract

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease characterized by (mal)adaptive remodeling of the pulmonary vasculature, which is associated with inflammation, fibrosis, thrombosis, and neovascularization. Vascular remodeling in PAH is associated with cellular metabolic and inflammatory reprogramming that induce profound endothelial and smooth muscle cell phenotypic changes. Multiple signaling pathways and regulatory loops act on metabolic and inflammatory mediators which influence cellular behavior and trigger pulmonary vascular remodeling in vivo. This review discusses the role of bioenergetic and inflammatory impairments in PAH development.

Keywords: pulmonary arterial hypertension; vascular remodeling; signaling pathways; metabolism; inflammation

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MDPI and ACS Style

Gomes, M.T.; Bai, Y.; Potje, S.R.; Zhang, L.; Lockett, A.D.; Machado, R.F. Signal Transduction during Metabolic and Inflammatory Reprogramming in Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 2410. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23052410

AMA Style

Gomes MT, Bai Y, Potje SR, Zhang L, Lockett AD, Machado RF. Signal Transduction during Metabolic and Inflammatory Reprogramming in Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(5):2410. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23052410

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gomes, Marta T., Yang Bai, Simone R. Potje, Lu Zhang, Angelia D. Lockett, and Roberto F. Machado. 2022. "Signal Transduction during Metabolic and Inflammatory Reprogramming in Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 5: 2410. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23052410

APA Style

Gomes, M. T., Bai, Y., Potje, S. R., Zhang, L., Lockett, A. D., & Machado, R. F. (2022). Signal Transduction during Metabolic and Inflammatory Reprogramming in Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(5), 2410. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23052410

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

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Signal Transduction during Metabolic and Inflammatory Reprogramming in Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling

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