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Volume 23
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Review

Strategies for Successful Over-Expression of Human Membrane Transport Systems Using Bacterial Hosts: Future Perspectives

by
Michele Galluccio
1,
Lara Console
1,
Lorena Pochini
1,
Mariafrancesca Scalise
1,
Nicola Giangregorio
2 and
Cesare Indiveri
1,2,*
1
Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DiBEST), University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci 4c, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
2
Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnology (IBIOM), National Research Council (CNR), Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(7), 3823; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23073823
Submission received: 1 March 2022 / Revised: 28 March 2022 / Accepted: 28 March 2022 / Published: 30 March 2022
(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Biology)
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Abstract

Ten percent of human genes encode for membrane transport systems, which are key components in maintaining cell homeostasis. They are involved in the transport of nutrients, catabolites, vitamins, and ions, allowing the absorption and distribution of these compounds to the various body regions. In addition, roughly 60% of FDA-approved drugs interact with membrane proteins, among which are transporters, often responsible for pharmacokinetics and side effects. Defects of membrane transport systems can cause diseases; however, knowledge of the structure/function relationships of transporters is still limited. Among the expression of hosts that produce human membrane transport systems, E. coli is one of the most favorable for its low cultivation costs, fast growth, handiness, and extensive knowledge of its genetics and molecular mechanisms. However, the expression in E. coli of human membrane proteins is often toxic due to the hydrophobicity of these proteins and the diversity in structure with respect to their bacterial counterparts. Moreover, differences in codon usage between humans and bacteria hamper translation. This review summarizes the many strategies exploited to achieve the expression of human transport systems in bacteria, providing a guide to help people who want to deal with this topic.
Keywords: SLC transporters; over-expression; E. coli; channels; ABC transporters SLC transporters; over-expression; E. coli; channels; ABC transporters

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MDPI and ACS Style

Galluccio, M.; Console, L.; Pochini, L.; Scalise, M.; Giangregorio, N.; Indiveri, C. Strategies for Successful Over-Expression of Human Membrane Transport Systems Using Bacterial Hosts: Future Perspectives. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 3823. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23073823

AMA Style

Galluccio M, Console L, Pochini L, Scalise M, Giangregorio N, Indiveri C. Strategies for Successful Over-Expression of Human Membrane Transport Systems Using Bacterial Hosts: Future Perspectives. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(7):3823. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23073823

Chicago/Turabian Style

Galluccio, Michele, Lara Console, Lorena Pochini, Mariafrancesca Scalise, Nicola Giangregorio, and Cesare Indiveri. 2022. "Strategies for Successful Over-Expression of Human Membrane Transport Systems Using Bacterial Hosts: Future Perspectives" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 7: 3823. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23073823

APA Style

Galluccio, M., Console, L., Pochini, L., Scalise, M., Giangregorio, N., & Indiveri, C. (2022). Strategies for Successful Over-Expression of Human Membrane Transport Systems Using Bacterial Hosts: Future Perspectives. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(7), 3823. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23073823

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