Chaenomeles Fructus (CF), the Fruit of Chaenomeles sinensis Alleviates IL-1β Induced Cartilage Degradation in Rat Articular Chondrocytes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. UPLC-ESI-QTOF MS/MS Analysis for Identification of Chemical Components in the Water Extract from Chaenomeles Fructus
2.2. CF was Not Cytotoxic to Rat Primary Chondrocytes
2.3. CF Suppressed IL-1β-Induced Cartilage Gene Expression and the Protein Level of MMP3/13 and Adamts5 in Rat Chondrocytes
2.4. CF Prevented IL-1β-Induced Degradation of aggrecan and Col2a1 and Reversed IL-1β-Induced Alcian Blue Staining Loss
2.5. CF Inhibited IL-1β-Induced NF-κB Activation in Rat Chondrocytes
2.6. CF Repressed IL-1β-Induced ERK2 Activation in Rat Chondrocytes
2.7. CF Reduced IL-1β-Induced Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Production in Rat Chondrocytes
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Preparation of Extracts from CF Fruit
4.2. Primary Rat Chondrocyte Isolation and Culture
4.3. Cell Viability
4.4. Nuclear and Cytoplasmic Extraction
4.5. Western Blot Analysis
4.6. Immunofluorescence Assay
4.7. Quantitative Real-Time PCR
4.8. Alcian Blue Stain
4.9. Flow Cytometry
4.10. Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Based Analysis of the Water Extract from Chaenomeles Sinensis Fruit
4.11. Statistical Analysis
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
OA | osteoarthritis |
CF | Chaenomeles Fructus |
ECM | extracellular matrix |
IL-1β | interleukin 1 beta |
MMP | matrix metallopeptidase |
ADAMTs | a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs |
ROS | reactive oxygen species |
MAPK | mitogen-activated protein kinase |
ERK | extracellular signal-regulated kinase |
JNK | c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase |
NF-κb | nuclear factor kappa B |
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Antibody | Company | Dilution | Product No. |
---|---|---|---|
β-Actin | Santa cruz | 1:1000 | sc-47778 |
ADAMTS5 | Abcam | 1:500 | ab41037 |
MMP-3 | Abcam | 1:1000 | ab53015 |
MMP-13 | Abcam | 1:1000 | ab39012 |
COL2A1 | Santa Cruz | 1:1000 | sc-52658 |
Aggrecan | Abcam | 1:1000 | ab36861 |
NF-κB p65 | Cell signaling | 1:1000 | 8242 s |
p-NF-κB p65 | Cell signaling | 1:1000 | #3033 |
ERK | Santa cruz | 1:1000 | sc-81457 |
p-ERK | Cell signaling | 1:2000 | #4370 |
JNK | Cell signaling | 1:1000 | #9252 |
P-JNK | Cell signaling | 1:2000 | #9255 |
P38 | Cell signaling | 1:1000 | #8690 |
p-P38 | Cell signaling | 1:1000 | #4511 |
Histione H3 | Cell signaling | 1:1000 | #9715 |
IkB-alpha | Cell signaling | 1:1000 | #9242 |
Primer | Forward | Reverse |
---|---|---|
MMP3 | ATGATGAACGATGGACAGATGA | CATTGGCTGAGTGAAAGAGACC |
MMP13 | TGCTGCATACGAGCATCCAT | TGTCCTCAAAGTGAACCGCA |
COL2A1 | TCAACAATGGGAAGGCGTGAG | GTTCACGTACACTGCCCTGAAG |
Aggrecan | GCCTCTCAAGCCCTTGTCTG | GATCTCACACAGGTCCCCTC |
Adamts5 | CAAGTGTGGAGTGTGTGGAG | GTCTTTGGCTTTGAACTGTCG |
β-Actin | GCTACAGCTTCACCACCACA | GCCATCTCTTGCTCGAAGTC |
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Yeo, C.; Ahn, C.R.; Kim, J.-E.; Kim, Y.W.; Park, J.; Ahn, K.S.; Ha, I.J.; Lee, Y.J.; Baek, S.H.; Ha, I.-H. Chaenomeles Fructus (CF), the Fruit of Chaenomeles sinensis Alleviates IL-1β Induced Cartilage Degradation in Rat Articular Chondrocytes. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 4360. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23084360
Yeo C, Ahn CR, Kim J-E, Kim YW, Park J, Ahn KS, Ha IJ, Lee YJ, Baek SH, Ha I-H. Chaenomeles Fructus (CF), the Fruit of Chaenomeles sinensis Alleviates IL-1β Induced Cartilage Degradation in Rat Articular Chondrocytes. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(8):4360. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23084360
Chicago/Turabian StyleYeo, Changhwan, Chae Ryeong Ahn, Jai-Eun Kim, Young Woo Kim, Jinbong Park, Kwang Seok Ahn, In Jin Ha, Yoon Jae Lee, Seung Ho Baek, and In-Hyuk Ha. 2022. "Chaenomeles Fructus (CF), the Fruit of Chaenomeles sinensis Alleviates IL-1β Induced Cartilage Degradation in Rat Articular Chondrocytes" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 8: 4360. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23084360