Variations in the Gene Expression Profile in Atherosclerotic Patients with Non-Fatal ACS: A Preliminary Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Formation of Platelet–Leukocyte Aggregates (PLAs) and Expression of P-Selectin Measured by Flow Cytometry
2.2. The Concentration of PF-4 and Soluble (s)P-Selectin in Human Plasma
2.3. Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines Measurement in Human Plasma
2.4. The Analysis of IL1B and TNFA Gene Expression by Real-Time PCR
2.5. The Expression of 92 Immune Response Associated Genes of Selected Pro-Inflammatory Factors
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Patients
4.2. Analysis Using Flow Cytometry
4.3. Cytokine Level Analysis
4.4. PF-4 Level Analysis
4.5. Soluble P-Selectin Measurement
4.6. Isolation of Total RNA and Reverse Transcription
4.7. Analysis of Gene Expression
4.8. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
References
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Cytokine | Control Group | ACS | p-Value | Increment |
---|---|---|---|---|
IL-1β (pg/mL) | 21.7 (±12.25) | 45.50 (±15.39) | p = 0.0003 | ↑ 216% |
TNF-α (pg/mL) | 356.33 (±105.53) | 752.33 (±169.20) | p < 0.0001 | ↑ 211% |
IL-2 (pg/mL) | 95 (89–121.30) | 126 (111.5–156) | p = 0.011 | ↑ 133% |
IFN-γ (pg/mL) | 206.50 (204.50–299.80) | 304 (245–340) | p = 0.033 | ↑ 128% |
TGF-β (pM) | 100 (86.25–98.75) | 97 (94.25–102) | p = 0.678 | N/S |
IFN-α (pg/mL) | 11.50 (9.25–19.75) | 16 (12.75–24.75) | p = 0.091 | N/S |
No. | Assay ID | Gene Symbol | Gene Expression (2−ΔCt) ± SD in ACS |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Hs00234140_m1 | CCL2 | 0.5 ± 0.3 [× 10−2] |
2 | Hs00174150_m1 | CCR2 | 2.0 ± 1.3 [× 10−2] |
3 | Hs00171266_m1 | CSF2 | 1.0 ± 0.6 [× 10−2] |
4 | Hs00188051_m1 | GZMB | 42 ± 27 [× 10−2] |
5 | Hs00359999_m1 | ICOS | 1.5 ± 1 [× 10−2] |
No. | Assay ID | Gene Symbol | Gene Expression (2−ΔCt) for Control | Gene Expression (2−ΔCt) for ACS |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Hs00174092_m1 | IL1A | N/A | N/A |
2 | Hs00174097_m1 | IL1B | 2.304 | 2.021 |
3 | Hs00174114_m1 | IL2 | 0.011 | N/A |
4 | Hs00174117_m1 | IL3 | N/A | N/A |
5 | Hs00174122_m1 | IL4 | N/A | N/A |
6 | Hs00174200_m1 | IL5 | N/A | N/A |
7 | Hs00174202_m1 | IL7 | N/A | N/A |
8 | Hs00174103_m1 | IL8 | 3.148 | 3.398 |
9 | Hs00174125_m1 | IL9 | N/A | N/A |
10 | Hs00174086_m1 | IL10 | N/A | N/A |
11 | Hs00168405_m1 | IL12A | 0.026 | 0.015 |
12 | Hs00233688_m1 | IL12B | N/A | N/A |
13 | Hs00174379_m1 | IL13 | N/A | N/A |
14 | Hs00174106_m1 | IL15 | N/A | N/A |
15 | Hs00174383_m1 | IL17A | N/A | N/A |
16 | Hs00155517_m1 | IL18 | 0.034 | 0.029 |
17 | Hs00171149_m1 | CCL19 | N/A | N/A |
18 | Hs00171041_m1 | CXCR3 | N/A | N/A |
19 | Hs00171042_m1 | CXCL10 | 0.025 | 0.015 |
20 | Hs00171138_m1 | CXCL11 | 0.016 | N/A |
21 | Hs00174164_m1 | CSF1 | 0.007 | 0.005 |
22 | Hs00357085_g1 | CSF3 | N/A | N/A |
23 | Hs00234174_m1 | STAT3 | 0.630 | 0.362 |
24 | Hs00174517_m1 | NFKB2 | 0.315 | 0.324 |
25 | Hs00233284_m1 | IKBKB | 0.065 | 0.035 |
26 | Hs00167894_m1 | CD3E | 1.046 | 1.380 |
27 | Hs00181217_m1 | CD4 | 0.239 | 0.271 |
28 | Hs00233520_m1 | CD8A | 0.509 | 0.530 |
29 | Hs00174333_m1 | CD19 | 0.057 | 0.014 |
30 | Hs00166229_m1 | IL2RA | 0.085 | 0.021 |
31 | Hs00174796_m1 | CD28 | 0.130 | 0.115 |
32 | Hs00233552_m1 | CD38 | 0.074 | 0.031 |
33 | Hs00365634_g1 | PTPRC | 3.397 | 2.818 |
34 | Hs00154355_m1 | CD68 | 1.370 | 0.653 |
35 | Hs00175478_m1 | CD80 | 0.009 | 0.007 |
36 | Hs00199349_m1 | CD86 | 0.443 | 0.347 |
37 | Hs00175480_m1 | CTLA4 | 0.063 | 0.070 |
38 | Hs00163934_m1 | CD40LG | 0.133 | 0.017 |
39 | Hs00219575_m1 | HLA-DRA | 7.697 | 9.746 |
40 | Hs99999917_m1 | HLA-DRB1 | N/A | N/A |
41 | Hs00203436_m1 | TBX21 | 0.057 | 0.049 |
42 | Hs00188346_m1 | TNFRSF18 | N/A | N/A |
43 | Hs00167248_m1 | NOS2 | N/A | N/A |
44 | Hs00169141_m1 | BCL2L1 | 0.431 | 0.239 |
45 | Hs00180269_m1 | BAX | 0.410 | 0.244 |
46 | Hs00164932_m1 | ICAM1 | 0.111 | 0.135 |
47 | Hs00174583_m1 | SELP | 0.218 | 0.110 |
48 | Hs00174057_m1 | SELE | N/A | N/A |
49 | Hs00157965_m1 | HMOX1 | 0.194 | 0.055 |
50 | Hs00189742_m1 | LRP2 | N/A | N/A |
51 | Hs00167927_m1 | CYP1A2 | N/A | N/A |
52 | Hs00167982_m1 | CYP7A1 | N/A | N/A |
53 | Hs00174143_m1 | IFNG | 0.008 | 0.010 |
54 | Hs00246266_m1 | GNLY | 4.939 | 7.386 |
55 | Hs00163653_m1 | FAS | 0.242 | 0.296 |
56 | Hs00181225_m1 | FASLG | N/A | N/A |
57 | Hs00171257_m1 | TGFB1 | 2.304 | 2.403 |
58 | Hs00232222_m1 | SMAD3 | 0.035 | 0.037 |
59 | Hs00178696_m1 | SMAD7 | 0.075 | 0.035 |
60 | Hs00365052_m1 | FN1 | N/A | N/A |
61 | Hs00163811_m1 | C3 | 0.014 | 0.006 |
62 | Hs00174128_m1 | TNF | 0.062 | 0.074 |
63 | Hs00236874_m1 | LTA | N/A | N/A |
64 | Hs00174179_m1 | ACE | N/A | N/A |
65 | Hs00173626_m1 | VEGFA | N/A | N/A |
66 | Hs00161707_m1 | SKI | 0.035 | 0.047 |
67 | Hs00156373_m1 | CD34 | N/A | N/A |
68 | Hs00241341_m1 | AGTR1 | N/A | N/A |
69 | Hs00169126_m1 | AGTR2 | N/A | N/A |
70 | Hs00174961_m1 | EDN1 | 0.043 | N/A |
71 | Hs00171455_m1 | LIF | N/A | N/A |
72 | Hs00209771_m1 | LY96 | 0.043 | 0.618 |
73 | Hs00236988_g1 | MIF | 6.889 | 5.080 |
74 | Hs00190046_m1 | NFATC3 | 1.664 | 1.735 |
75 | Hs00190037_m1 | NFATC4 | N/A | N/A |
76 | Hs00236998_m1 | PF4 | 18.692 | 14.772 |
77 | Hs00374292_m1 | SYK | N/A | N/A |
Characteristic [Clinical Standards] | Control Group (n = 12) | Study Group (ACS) (n = 12) |
---|---|---|
Age | 55 ± 6.61 | 57 ± 11 (p = 0.100; n.s.) |
Gender (M/F) | M8/F4 | M8/F4 |
BMI [<30] | 26.40 ± 6.61 | 21.9 ± 4.85 (p = 0.413; n.s.) |
Triglycerides [<2.5 mmol/L] | 1.18 ± 0.54 | 2.17 ± 0.82 (p = 0.005) |
Total cholesterol [3–5 mmol/L] | 4.02 ± 1.34 | 4.68 ± 1.12 (p = 0.196; n.s.) |
HDL [>1 mmol/L] | 1.31 ± 0.53 | 1.17 ± 0.21 (p = 0.700; n.s.) |
LDL [<2.9 mmol/L] | 2.89 ± 1.09 | 1.54 ± 0.97 (p = 0.413; n.s.) |
Leukocytes on admission [4–11 × 103/μL] | 7.78 ± 2.52 | 9.63 ± 2.42 (p = 0.027) |
Erythrocytes on admission [4–6 × 106/μL] | 5.08 ± 0.41 | 4.72 ± 0.66 (p = 0.118) |
Platelets on admission [150–400 × 103/μL] | 316.17 ± 119.70 | 242.3 ± 87.2 (p = 0.098; n.s.) |
Creatinine [64–104 μmol/L] | 83.94 ± 15.70 | 84.25 ± 14.01 (p = 0.960; n.s.) |
Troponin peak (hs-TnT) [<14 ng/L] | 13.34 ± 0.23 | 2778 ± 2361.33 (p = 0.0005) |
ALT [0–45 UI] | 23.92 ± 12.80 | 30.07 ± 13.18 (p = 0.259) |
AST [0–35 UI] | 21.30 ± 7.12 | 33.44 ± 15.07 (p = 0.019) |
Glucose [4.1–5.5 mmol/L] | 5.07 ± 0.60 | 5.40 ± 0.44 (p = 0.131) |
GFR [ml/min./1.73 m2] | 94 ± 14 | 93 ± 9 (p = 0.735) |
NSTEMI/STEMI | - | 4/8 |
Localization of culprit lesion | - | Cx (n = 5); RCA (n = 4); LCA (n = 1); LAD (n = 2) |
Statins administration | - | Patients before admission to hospital were not treated with statins. All patients received first dose of statin (at least 20 mg dose of Rosuvastatin) during the first 24 h of ACS. |
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Dziedzic, A.; Szelenberger, R.; Kacprzak, M.; Czarny, P.; Synowiec, E.; Saluk-Bijak, J.; Sliwinski, T.; Zielinska, M.; Bijak, M. Variations in the Gene Expression Profile in Atherosclerotic Patients with Non-Fatal ACS: A Preliminary Study. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 5017. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23095017
Dziedzic A, Szelenberger R, Kacprzak M, Czarny P, Synowiec E, Saluk-Bijak J, Sliwinski T, Zielinska M, Bijak M. Variations in the Gene Expression Profile in Atherosclerotic Patients with Non-Fatal ACS: A Preliminary Study. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(9):5017. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23095017
Chicago/Turabian StyleDziedzic, Angela, Rafal Szelenberger, Michal Kacprzak, Piotr Czarny, Ewelina Synowiec, Joanna Saluk-Bijak, Tomasz Sliwinski, Marzenna Zielinska, and Michal Bijak. 2022. "Variations in the Gene Expression Profile in Atherosclerotic Patients with Non-Fatal ACS: A Preliminary Study" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 9: 5017. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23095017