Acidic and Alkaline Conditions Affect the Growth of Tree Peony Plants via Altering Photosynthetic Characteristics, Limiting Nutrient Assimilation, and Impairing ROS Balance
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Morphological Parameters and Anthocyanin Content in Flowers
2.2. Morphological Parameters in Leaves and Roots
2.3. De novo Transcriptome Assembly, Identification of DEGs, and KEGG Pathway Analysis of DEGs
2.4. Expression Profiles Analysis of Important DEGs Related to Growth and Flowering
2.5. Effect of Irrigation pH Treatment on the Photosynthetic Characteristics
2.6. Stomata Characteristics and Leaf Structure
2.7. Expression Profiles Analysis of Important DEGs in Photosynthesis
2.8. The Activities of Enzymes, Nutrient Assimilation, and Expression Profiles of Key Genes in ROS Scavenging Pathway and Nutrient Transport
3. Discussion
3.1. Inhibition of the Growth and Development of Tree Peony Plants Exposed to Acidic and Alkaline Stresses
3.2. Exposure to Acidity and Alkalinity Reduces Photosynthesis via Weakening Light Capture, Photosynthetic ETCs, ATP Synthesis, Carbon Fixation, and the Development of Stomata
3.3. Acidic and Alkaline Conditions Interfere with Nutrient Assimilation and Transport in Tree Peony Leaves
3.4. Redox Homeostasis and the Activities of Antioxidant Enzymes in the Response to Acidic and Alkaline Treatment
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Plant Materials and Forcing Culture Conditions
4.2. Color Indexes and Pigment Estimation
4.3. Measurement of Photosynthetic Indexes
4.4. Stomata Observation by Light Microscope and Leaf Ultrastructure Observation by TEM
4.5. Estimation of Contents of Macro and Micro-Nutrients, Soluble Sugar, Protein, and Starch
4.6. Determination of Hydrogen Peroxide Level and Activities of Antioxidant Enzymes
4.7. RNA-seq, Library Construction, Sequence Assembly and Annotation
4.8. Analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs), GO and KEGG Enrichment
4.9. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Treatment | Flower Diameter (cm) | Flower Height (cm) | Flower Stalk Length (cm) | Flower Stalk Diameter (cm) | Fresh Weight (g) | Dry Weight (g) | No. of Petals | Abnormal Flowering Percentage (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
pH 4.0 | 10.77 ± 0.38b | 3.84 ± 0.17b | 20.83 ± 0.77b | 6.9 ± 0.26b | 15.24 ± 0.61b | 3.12 ± 0.05a | 75.66 ± 4.33b | 26 |
pH 7.0 | 12.14 ± 0.28a | 6.16 ± 0.29a | 23.44 ± 0.62a | 7.82 ± 0.28a | 21.75 ± 0.82a | 3.48 ± 0.13a | 90.16 ± 2.18a | 8 |
pH 10.0 | 10.27 ± 0.43b | 4.05 ± 0.28b | 21.94 ± 0.3ab | 7.08 ± 0.18b | 16.22 ± 0.73b | 3.03 ± 0.08a | 81.83 ± 2.3ab | 33 |
No. | Gene Name | UniGene ID | Sequence Length (bp) | Coding Sequence Length (bp) | Gene Name | Homology Species and GenBank Number | CDS Length of Homology Species (bp) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PSI | |||||||
1 | PsaC | CL5623.Contig3 All | 1455 | 945 | Photosystem I iron-sulfur center | Actinidia chinensis, NKQK01000029.1 | 1212 |
2 | PsaC | CL553.Contig3 All | 1288 | 213 | Photosystem I iron-sulfur center | Nicotiana tomentosiformis, XM 009612956.3 | 438 |
3 | PsaF | CL15133.Contig3 All | 651 | 237 | Photosystem I reaction center subunit III | Abrus precatorius, XM 027497800.1 | 669 |
4 | PsaE | Unigene26014 All | 723 | 501 | photosystem I reaction center subunit IV | Juglans regia, XM 018994420.2 | 573 |
5 | PsaH1 | CL553.Contig2 All | 1316 | 216 | photosystem I reaction center subunit VI-1 | Nicotiana tomentosiformis, XM 009612956.3 | 438 |
6 | PsaN | Unigene16611 All | 396 | 162 | Photosystem I reaction center subunit N | Cephalotus follicularis, BDDD01006702.1 | 429 |
7 | PSA2 | Unigene40033 All | 1497 | 501 | PHOTOSYSTEM I ASSEMBLY 2 | Morus notabilis, XM 024170885.1 | 363 |
PSII | |||||||
8 | PsbB | CL2899.Contig8 All | 9368 | 1527 | Photosystem II protein D2 protein | Paeonia obovata, YP 009114474.1 | 1527 |
9 | STN8 | CL5574.Contig1 All | 1222 | 489 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase STN8 | Pistacia vera, XM 031391586.1 | 1500 |
10 | PsbH | CL2899.Contig10 All | 2735 | 345 | Photosystem II phosphoprotein | Paeonia obovata, NC 026076.1 | 222 |
11 | PSBO1 | CL7453.Contig2 All | 1521 | 786 | Oxygen-evolving enhancer protein 1 | Nicotiana attenuata, XM 019379586.1 | 999 |
12 | PPD3 | CL2018.Contig1 All | 1082 | 555 | psbP domain-containing protein 3 | Carica papaya, XM 022046797.1 | 762 |
13 | PPD7 | Unigene11530 All | 1296 | 390 | psbP domain-containing protein 7 | Populus euphratica, XM 011038539.1 | 858 |
14 | PSBS | CL2734.Contig2 All | 381 | 282 | photosystem II 22 kDa | Tanacetum cinerariifolium, BKCJ010081569.1 | 550 |
Light-harvesting complex | |||||||
15 | PAPP5 | CL5682.Contig2 All | 718 | 615 partial | serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 5 | Hibiscus syriacus, XM 039206886.1 | 1623 |
16 | CAB6A | CL7283.Contig4 All | 683 | 234 | chlorophyll a-b binding protein 6A | Benincasa hispida, XM 039035318.1 | 741 |
17 | CAB7 | CL349.Contig1 All | 399 | 399 | chlorophyll a-b binding protein 7 | Tripterygium wilfordii, XM 038846989.1 | 939 |
18 | CAB5 | Unigene44832 All | 372 | 255 | chlorophyll a-b binding protein 5 | Amborella trichopoda, XM 006836691.3 | 795 |
19 | CAB | CL1191.Contig3 All | 508 | 321 | chlorophyll a-b binding protein | Vitis vinifera, XM 010657584.1 | 816 |
20 | CAB5 | CL6697.Contig2 All | 222 | 166 | chlorophyll a-b binding protein 5 | Telopea speciosissima, XM 043835320.1 | 825 |
Photosynthetic electron transport chain | |||||||
21 | ETFQO | CL8017.Contig1 All | 1732 | 732 partial | electron transfer flavoprotein-ubiquinone oxidoreductase | Cannabis sativa, XM 030652288.1 | 1329 |
22 | CBR1 | CL13977.Contig4 All | 1536 | 738 | NADH--cytochrome b5 reductase 1-like | Vitis riparia, XM 034832700.1 | 837 |
23 | NAXD | CL2990.Contig3 All | 1485 | 996 | ATP-dependent NAD(P)H-hydrate dehydratase | Juglans microcarpa x Juglans regia, XM 041145087.1 | 1137 |
24 | Cytf | Unigene46676 All | 336 | 219 | Cytochrome f | Eurycoma longifolia, MH751519.1 | 963 |
25 | CAO | CL1939.Contig9 All | 2422 | 1215 | Chlorophyllide a oxygenase | Juglans regia, XM 018952223.2 | 1605 |
26 | fdxA | CL647.Contig1 All | 1425 | 468 | 3Fe-4S ferredoxin | Lupinus albus, WOCE01000019.1 | 1014 |
27 | MFDR | Unigene11788 All | 1231 | 957 | NADPH:adrenodoxin oxidoreductase | Carya illinoinensis, XM 043121482.1 | 1176 |
28 | petE | Unigene20162 All | 747 | 555 | Plastocyanin-like protein | Corchorus olitorius, AWUE01016532.1 | 534 |
29 | MNHD | CL9837.Contig2 All | 2528 | 324 | NADH-Ubiquinone/plastoquinone complex I protein | Prunus dulcis, AP021287.1 | 1944 |
30 | ndhB2 | CL12489.Contig1 All | 243 | 165 | NADH-plastoquinone oxidoreductase subunit 2 | Iseilema macratherum, NC 030611.1 | 1533 |
31 | ndh2 | CL2308.Contig4 All | 1627 | 213 | Quinone oxidoreductase | Vitis vinifera, QGNW01001796.1 | 1089 |
32 | ndhO | CL11886.Contig4 All | 681 | 189 | NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase subunit O | Carica papaya, XM 022044181.1 | 501 |
33 | FBN5 | CL269.Contig4 All | 1159 | 792 | Fibrillin-5 | Prunus dulcis, XM 034364758.1 | 816 |
34 | PNSL1 | Unigene11863 All | 697 | 357 | Photosynthetic NDH subunit of lumenal location 1 | Vitis vinifera, QGNW01000023.1 | 708 |
35 | PNSL1 | Unigene27888 All | 1097 | 342 | Photosynthetic NDH subunit of lumenal location 1 | Vitis vinifera, QGNW01000023.1 | 708 |
36 | PNSL3 | Unigene10120 All | 1308 | 633 | Photosynthetic NDH subunit of lumenal location 3 | Camellia sinensis, XM 028241493.1 | 666 |
37 | DAPB3 | CL1744.Contig1 All | 1424 | 605 partial | Dihydrodipicolinate reductase-like protein CRR1 | Juglans regia, XM 018993624.2 | 903 |
Thylakoid formation and chloroplast development | |||||||
38 | THF1 | CL14413.Contig2 All | 971 | 759 | THYLAKOID FORMATION 1 | Senna tora, JAAIUW010000012.1 | 897 |
39 | TERC | CL2696.Contig4 All | 993 | 804 | thylakoid membrane protein TERC | Camellia sinensis, XM 028237267.1 | 1077 |
40 | RPL24 | CL1839.Contig2 All | 1030 | 480 | 50S ribosomal protein L24 | Telopea speciosissima, XM 043834893.1 | 480 |
41 | ALB3L2 | Unigene39908 All | 1042 | 666 | ALBINO3-like protein 2 | Quercus suber, XM 024024971.1 | 726 |
42 | ALB3L2 | CL1726.Contig1 All | 1396 | 567 | ALBINO3-like protein 2 | Vitis riparia, XM 034854167.1 | 921 |
43 | OBGL | CL588.Contig4 All | 1305 | 996 | GTP-binding protein | Nelumbo nucifera, XM 010251428.2 | 990 |
44 | CSP41B | CL2622.Contig3 All | 1339 | 192 | chloroplast stem-loop binding protein of 41 kDa b | Cannabis sativa, XM 030649812.1 | 1146 |
Chlorophyll biosynthesis | |||||||
45 | CHLI1 | CL10274.Contig3 All | 3153 | 1083 | magnesium chelatase subunit I (CHLI) | Ziziphus jujuba, XM 016018749.2 | 1266 |
46 | PPH | CL6625.Contig1 All | 1231 | 636 | pheophytinase | Manihot esculenta, XM 021744990.2 | 1116 |
47 | CLH1 | CL7533.Contig2 All | 1010 | 690 | chlorophyllase-1-like | Vitis riparia, XM 034834294.1 | 960 |
48 | HCAR | Unigene52328 All | 1076 | 585 | 7-hydroxymethyl chlorophyll a reductase | Vitis vinifera, XM 019220129.1 | 1128 |
49 | NOL | CL5229.Contig4 All | 1303 | 852 | chlorophyll(ide) b reductase NOL | Prunus mume, XM 008233562.2 | 1059 |
50 | CAO | Unigene50987 All | 211 | 162 | chlorophyll a oxygenase | Capsicum annuum, DQ423120.1 | 299 |
Chlorophyll catabolism | |||||||
51 | PAO | CL12667.Contig2 All | 2501 | 444 partial | pheophorbide a oxygenase | Parasponia andersonii, JXTB01000035.1 | 1626 |
ATP synthase | |||||||
52 | ADK | CL5310.Contig4 All | 1007 | 714 | adenylate kinase | Tripterygium wilfordii, KAF5731549.1 | 897 |
53 | ATPD | CL80.Contig9 All | 2583 | 267 | ATP synthase delta chain | Fragaria vesca, XM 004290397.2 | 753 |
54 | ATPD | CL80.Contig10 All | 2488 | 267 | ATP synthase delta chain | Fragaria vesca, XM 004290397.2 | 753 |
55 | ATPE | CL8509.Contig1 All | 1125 | 402 | ATP synthase CF1 epsilon chain | Paeonia ludlowii, NC 035623.1 | 402 |
56 | ATPE | CL633.Contig10 All | 14,020 | 1527 | ATP synthase CF1 alpha subunit | Paeonia obovata, YP 009114434.1 | 1527 |
57 | ATPD | CL80.Contig15 All | 2028 | 276 | ATP synthase delta chain | Fragaria vesca subsp. Vesca, XM 004290397.2 | 753 |
58 | ATPD | CL80.Contig14 All | 1868 | 270 | ATP synthase delta chain | Fragaria vesca, XM 004290397.2 | 753 |
59 | ATPA | CL633.Contig6 All | 13,886 | 1527 | ATP synthase CF1 alpha subunit | Paeonia obovata, YP 009114434.1 | 1527 |
60 | ATPA | CL633.Contig12 All | 13,308 | 1527 | ATP synthase CF1 alpha subunit | Paeonia obovata, YP 009114434.1 | 1527 |
61 | AK4 | CL9808.Contig2 All | 806 | 669 | Adenylate kinase 4 | Populus alba, XM 035053161.1 | 741 |
Carbon fixation | |||||||
62 | CBBY-like | CL3370.Contig1 All | 936 | 708 | riboflavin kinase Bifunctional riboflavin kinase/FMN phosphatase | Camellia sinensis, XM 028260557.1 | 891 |
63 | CA1P | CL13509.Contig2 All | 1869 | 900 | 2-carboxy-D-arabinitol-1-phosphatase | Camellia sinensis, XM 028230931.1 | 1605 |
64 | PGM2 | CL3429.Contig1 All | 1293 | 243 | phosphoglycerate mutase, 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-independent | Actinidia rufa, GFZ05492.1 | 258 |
65 | RBCS-F1 | CL4922.Contig11 All | 700 | 279 | ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase small chain F1 | Lupinus angustifolius, XM 019587259.1 | 531 |
66 | RBCS | CL4922.Contig12 All | 290 | 261 | ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase small chain | Tanacetum cinerariifolium, BKCJ010045582.1 | 1899 |
67 | RBCS | CL4922.Contig3 All | 310 | 251 | ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase small subunit | Carya illinoinensis, XM 043105128.1 | 549 |
68 | PGK | CL3299.Contig2 All | 1682 | 1368 | phosphoglycerate kinase | Herrania umbratica, XM 021443140.1 | 1206 |
69 | FBA | CL12763.Contig2 All | 754 | 216 | Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase | Apostasia shenzhenica, KZ451885.1 | 1110 |
70 | Fbp | CL1239.Contig5 All | 770 | 219 | fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase | Vigna angularis, XM 017556201.1 | 477 |
71 | PFKFB | Unigene23926 All | 2108 | 1788 | 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase | Vitis riparia, XM 034831796.1 | 2271 |
72 | TKL | CL7000.Contig2 All | 846 | 321 | transketolase | Fragaria vesca, FJ887833.1 | 363 |
Stomatal development and movement | |||||||
73 | BCA | Unigene56632 All | 1532 | 414 | carbonic anhydrase | Vitis riparia, XM 034820072.1 | 984 |
74 | HT1 | Unigene2658 All | 2008 | 1122 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase HT1 | Vitis vinifera, XM 002270717.3 | 1125 |
No. | Gene Name | UniGene ID | Sequence Length (bp) | Coding Sequence Length (bp) | Gene Name | Homology Species and GenBank Number | CDS Length of Homology Species (bp) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Stress-related genes | |||||||
1 | SOD | CL12133.Contig2 All | 752 | 663 | Superoxide dismutase [Fe] | Quercus suber, XM 024033160.1 | 936 |
2 | SOD | CL11553.Contig1_All | 235 | 114 | superoxide dismutase | Vitis riparia, XM_034849451.1 | 687 |
3 | CAT1 | CL8683.Contig2_All | 241 | 150 | Catalase isozyme 1 | Cocos nucifera, CM017878.1 | 2833 |
4 | CAT | CL8683.Contig3_All | 231 | 129 | Catalase | Thalictrum thalictroides, ABWDY010037995.1 | 1464 |
5 | POD20 | Unigene63828_All | 233 | 233 | Peroxidase 20 | Populus trichocarpa, XM006368377.2 | 1017 |
6 | POD20 | Unigene2231_All | 264 | 264 | Peroxidase 20 | Vitis vinifera, QGNW01000083.1 | 855 |
7 | POD45 | Unigene79660_All | 336 | 336 | Peroxidase 45 | Gossypium hirsutum, XM016865128.2 | 996 |
8 | POD | Unigene6219_All | 895 | 838 | Peroxidase | Thalictrum thalictroides, JABWDY010016849.1 | 972 |
9 | POD48 | Unigene82390_All | 305 | 305 | Peroxidase 48 | Malus domestica, XM029108818.1 | 699 |
10 | PEX12 | CL7714.Contig3 All | 1173 | 840 | Peroxisome biogenesis protein 12 | Ziziphus jujuba, XM 016020053.2 | 1182 |
11 | CYB561A | CL11875.Contig1 All | 873 | 669 | Transmembrane ascorbate ferrireductase 3 | Coffea arabica, XM 027240953.1 | 663 |
12 | TCTP | Unigene79230 All | 375 | 300 partial | Translationally-controlled tumor protein | Capra hircus, XM 018056766.1 | 660 |
13 | AGO1 | CL4080.Contig4 All | 3683 | 3255 | Protein argonaute 1 | Vitis vinifera, XM 002271189.3 | 3258 |
14 | RFC1 | CL4788.Contig6 All | 1558 | 1167 | Replication factor C subunit 1-like | Populus euphratica, XM 011015553.1 | 1302 |
15 | EX1 | CL5897.Contig2_All | 2799 | 1380 | EXECUTER 1 | Camellia sinensis, XM_028237292.1 | 1488 |
16 | EX1 | CL5897.Contig4_All | 2822 | 1095 | protein EXECUTER 1 | Camellia sinensis, XM_028237292.1 | 1488 |
Ion transport | |||||||
17 | ACA12 | Unigene17975_All | 611 | 534 | Calcium-transporting ATPase 12 | Glycine soja, XM_028369732.1 | 3162 |
18 | BOR1 | Unigene48447_All | 566 | 174 | boron transporter 1 | Zingiber officinale, XM_042585939.1 | 2139 |
19 | BOR4 | Unigene41688_All | 263 | 212 | boron transporter 4-like | Ricinus communis, XM_025157068.1 | 1923 |
20 | BOR4 | CL3601.Contig5_All | 1903 | 1062 | boron transporter 4-like | Camellia sinensis, XM_028235763.1 | 2136 |
21 | PPT2 | CL4107.Contig2_All | 2381 | 855 | phosphoenolpyruvate/phosphate translocator 2 | Prunus avium, XM_021948621.1 | 1014 |
22 | PHO1 | Unigene39529_All | 1188 | 609 | Phosphate transporter PHO1-like 3 | Vitis vinifera, QGNW01000145.1 | 2394 |
23 | TDT | Unigene43599_All | 977 | 588 | tonoplast dicarboxylate transporter | Camellia sinensis, XM_028254388.1 | 1644 |
24 | PHO1 | CL1982.Contig2_All | 5028 | 774 | phosphate transporter PHO1 homolog 3 | Cannabis sativa, XM_030628536.1 | 2424 |
25 | PHO1 | Unigene40561_All | 727 | 354 | phosphate transporter PHO1 homolog 3-like | Vitis vinifera, XM_019218049.1 | 614 |
26 | glpT | CL8237.Contig4_All | 2509 | 1053 | glycerol-3-phosphate transporter 1 | Prunus avium, XM_021967732.1 | 1563 |
27 | PHO1 | CL14859.Contig1_All | 1305 | 945 | phosphate transporter PHO1 homolog 3-like | Carya illinoinensis, XM_043134065.1 | 2406 |
28 | SKOR | Unigene48839_All | 228 | 226 | potassium channel SKOR-like | Herrania umbratica, XM_021436349.1 | 2448 |
29 | POT17 | Unigene56892_All | 1885 | 1593 | potassium transporter 17 | Rosa chinensis, XM_024336662.2 | 1785 |
No. | Gene Name | UniGene ID | Sequence Length (bp) | Coding Sequence Length (bp) | Gene Name | Homology Species and GenBank Number | CDS Length of Homology Species (bp) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Flowering-related genes | |||||||
1 | PSD | Unigene8 All | 1646 | 216 partial | Exportin-T-like isoform X2 | Populus alba, XM 035040257.1 | 2892 |
2 | APRR1 | CL5436.Contig4 All | 1643 | 813 partial | Two-component response regulator-like APRR1 | Vitis vinifera, QGNW01000154.1 | 1662 |
3 | JMJ18 | CL1104.Contig4 All | 3551 | 2940 | Lysine-specific demethylase JMJ18-like isoform X1 | Vitis riparia, XM 034842267.1 | 3261 |
4 | WOX1 | CL8062.Contig3 All | 1081 | 645 | WUSCHEL-related homeobox 1-like, partial | Macadamia integrifolia, XM 042620797.1 | 825 |
5 | FY | CL8788.Contig3 All | 2714 | 2313 | Flowering time control protein FY | Vitis vinifera, XM 010647342.2 | 2346 |
6 | AAO | CL5090.Contig6 All | 1541 | 723 | F-box/FBD/LRR-repeat protein | Sesamum indicum, XM 011078410.2 | 1311 |
Plant-growth-related genes | |||||||
7 | TGH | CL845.Contig2 All | 999 | 843 | G-patch domain-containing protein TGH | Actinidia rufa, BJWL01000006.1 | 822 |
8 | MIZ1 | CL9598.Contig2 All | 895 | 705 | Protein MIZU-KUSSEI 1 | Ricinus communis, XM 002510226.3 | 690 |
9 | BBX19 | CL856.Contig1 All | 1081 | 672 | B-box zinc finger protein 19 isoform X1 | Ziziphus jujuba, XM 016036814.2 | 639 |
Genes involved in cell growth and division | |||||||
10 | SEC10 | CL14716.Contig6 All | 3072 | 2505 | Exocyst complex component Sec10-like | Parasponia andersonii, JXTB01000066.1 | 2538 |
11 | CDC27B | CL7886.Contig1 All | 1665 | 735 partial | Cell division cycle protein 27 homolog B isoform X2 | Manihot esculenta, XM 021741898.2 | 2190 |
12 | CALS7 | CL542.Contig25 All | 2923 | 360 partial | Callose synthase 7-like | Quercus suber, XM 024021939.1 | 2802 |
13 | TUBA5 | CL4204.Contig2 All | 1741 | 1350 | Tubulin alpha-5 chain | Macadamia integrifolia, XM 042625060.1 | 1353 |
14 | TSS | CL4166.Contig4 All | 6317 | 5649 | TSS | Vitis vinifera, XM 002278334.4 | 5592 |
15 | EXPA1 | CL12917.Contig4 All | 1172 | 753 | Expansin-A1 | Fragaria vesca, XM 004297244.2 | 756 |
Hormone-related genes | |||||||
16 | TMK1 | CL2731.Contig4 All | 3327 | 2901 | Receptor protein kinase TMK1-like | Vitis vinifera, XM 002274874.4 | 2883 |
17 | YUC | Unigene53925 All | 418 | 315 partial | Indole-3-pyruvate monooxygenase YUCCA3 | Cajanus cajan, XM 020366995.2 | 1293 |
18 | AFB2 | CL789.Contig8 All | 2719 | 1719 | AUXIN SIGNALING F-BOX 2 | Vitis vinifera, XM 019225111.1 | 1719 |
19 | CTR1 | CL7684.Contig1 All | 4854 | 4242 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase CTR1 | Vitis vinifera, QGNW01001367.1 | 4296 |
Signal transduction | |||||||
20 | CML38 | Unigene2096 All | 371 | 345 | Calcium-binding protein CML38-like | Mangifera indica, XM 044647080.1 | 423 |
21 | SK5 | CL5696.Contig3 All | 1165 | 1050 | Calcium-dependent protein kinase SK5-like | Hevea brasiliensis, XM 021816377.1 | 1629 |
22 | IQD14 | Unigene40182 All | 1308 | 480 partial | IQ-DOMAIN 14 isoform X1 | Senna tora, JAAIUW010000012.1 | 1536 |
Regulation of transcription and translation | |||||||
23 | BPG2 | CL6966.Contig2 All | 2327 | 1671 | BRASSINAZOLE INSENSITIVE PALE GREEN 2 | Vitis vinifera, XM 010655630.2 | 1983 |
24 | MTERF4 | CL4833.Contig7 All | 2113 | 1578 | Transcription termination factor MTERF4 | Carya illinoinensis, XM 043135353.1 | 1575 |
25 | ASK1 | Unigene19526 All | 2064 | 1230 | Shaggy-related protein kinase alpha | Quercus lobata, XM 031102093.1 | 1230 |
26 | BLH1 | CL1863.Contig5 All | 3450 | 2073 | BEL1-like homeodomain protein 1 | Morella rubra, RXIC02000092.1 | 2091 |
27 | FRS | Unigene39555 All | 1222 | 399 partial | FAR1-RELATED SEQUENCE 5-like | Rosa chinensis, XM 040508409.1 | 1290 |
28 | MBD | Unigene46268 All | 905 | 816 | Methyl-CpG-binding domain-containing protein 10-like isoform X2 | Juglans microcarpa, XM 041162513.1 | 822 |
29 | MBD7 | CL7329.Contig2 All | 958 | 885 | Methyl-CpG-binding domain-containing protein 5 | Carica papaya, XM 022038861.1 | 738 |
30 | YRDC | CL3635.Contig6 All | 1361 | 873 | YRDC domain-containing protein | Theobroma cacao, XM 007016659.2 | 837 |
31 | PRP40A | CL379.Contig13 All | 3502 | 3117 | Pre-mRNA-processing protein 40A | Nelumbo nucifera, XM 010275221.2 | 3141 |
32 | PRP8A | Unigene23105 All | 3667 | 2472 partial | Pre-mRNA-processing-splicing factor 8A | Vitis vinifera, XM 003632714.3 | 7044 |
33 | eIF3f | Unigene39851 All | 1004 | 597 | Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit F-like | Telopea speciosissima, XM 043846840.1 | 858 |
34 | SPL39 | CL6274.Contig5 All | 1738 | 1020 | Squamosa-binding protein-like 39 | Paeonia suffruticosa, MT239473.1 | 2700 |
35 | U2AF65B | CL12897.Contig1 All | 942 | 537 partial | Splicing factor U2af large subunit B-like isoform X1 | Telopea speciosissima, XM 043832750.1 | 1665 |
36 | GBF3 | CL1061.Contig4 All | 1254 | 909 | G-box-binding factor 3 | Benincasa hispida, XM 039043265.1 | 1254 |
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Aung, T.T.; Shi, F.; Zhai, Y.; Xue, J.; Wang, S.; Ren, X.; Zhang, X. Acidic and Alkaline Conditions Affect the Growth of Tree Peony Plants via Altering Photosynthetic Characteristics, Limiting Nutrient Assimilation, and Impairing ROS Balance. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 5094. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23095094
Aung TT, Shi F, Zhai Y, Xue J, Wang S, Ren X, Zhang X. Acidic and Alkaline Conditions Affect the Growth of Tree Peony Plants via Altering Photosynthetic Characteristics, Limiting Nutrient Assimilation, and Impairing ROS Balance. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(9):5094. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23095094
Chicago/Turabian StyleAung, Theint Thinzar, Fengrui Shi, Yanning Zhai, Jingqi Xue, Shunli Wang, Xiuxia Ren, and Xiuxin Zhang. 2022. "Acidic and Alkaline Conditions Affect the Growth of Tree Peony Plants via Altering Photosynthetic Characteristics, Limiting Nutrient Assimilation, and Impairing ROS Balance" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 9: 5094. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23095094