Antibiotic Knockdown of Gut Bacteria Sex-Dependently Enhances Intravenous Fentanyl Self-Administration in Adult Sprague Dawley Rats
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. One-Week Oral Antibiotic Treatment Significantly Depletes Gut Bacteria (and Depletion Is Maintained throughout Experiment)
2.2. Antibiotic Treatment Causes Phylum- and Genus-Level Changes in Gut Bacteria
2.3. Antibiotic-Treated Males, but Not Females, Self-Administer More Fentanyl Than Controls at Fixed Ratio (FR) 1
2.4. Antibiotic-Treated Animals Self-Administer More Fentanyl Than Controls at FR2, FR5, and Progressive Ratio (PR)
2.5. Short-Chain Fatty Acid (SCFA) Supplementation Blunts Fentanyl Self-Administration in Antibiotic-Treated Animals at FR2 and FR5
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Control | Antibiotics | |
---|---|---|
Males | 7 | 10 |
Females | 7 | 8 |
Control | Antibiotics | |
---|---|---|
Before IVSA | 5 | 8 |
After IVSA | 4 | 6 |
Water/Water | Water/SCFA | ABX/Water | ABX/SCFA | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Males | 8 | 9 | 12 | 6 |
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Ren, M.; Lotfipour, S. Antibiotic Knockdown of Gut Bacteria Sex-Dependently Enhances Intravenous Fentanyl Self-Administration in Adult Sprague Dawley Rats. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 409. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24010409
Ren M, Lotfipour S. Antibiotic Knockdown of Gut Bacteria Sex-Dependently Enhances Intravenous Fentanyl Self-Administration in Adult Sprague Dawley Rats. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(1):409. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24010409
Chicago/Turabian StyleRen, Michelle, and Shahrdad Lotfipour. 2023. "Antibiotic Knockdown of Gut Bacteria Sex-Dependently Enhances Intravenous Fentanyl Self-Administration in Adult Sprague Dawley Rats" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 1: 409. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24010409