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Review

The Crosstalk between Gut Microbiota and Nervous System: A Bidirectional Interaction between Microorganisms and Metabolome

by
Monica Montagnani
1,†,
Lucrezia Bottalico
2,†,
Maria Assunta Potenza
1,
Ioannis Alexandros Charitos
3,*,
Skender Topi
2,
Marica Colella
4 and
Luigi Santacroce
4
1
Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area-Section of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Policlinico University Hospital of Bari, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
2
School of Technical Medical Sciences, “Alexander Xhuvani” University of Elbasan, 3001-3006 Elbasan, Albania
3
Pneumology and Respiratory Rehabilitation Division, Maugeri Clinical Scientific Research Institutes (IRCCS), 70124 Bari, Italy
4
Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Microbiology and Virology Unit, School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(12), 10322; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241210322
Submission received: 3 April 2023 / Revised: 13 June 2023 / Accepted: 14 June 2023 / Published: 19 June 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microbiome and Metabolome in the Gastrointestinal Tract)
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Abstract

Several studies have shown that the gut microbiota influences behavior and, in turn, changes in the immune system associated with symptoms of depression or anxiety disorder may be mirrored by corresponding changes in the gut microbiota. Although the composition/function of the intestinal microbiota appears to affect the central nervous system (CNS) activities through multiple mechanisms, accurate epidemiological evidence that clearly explains the connection between the CNS pathology and the intestinal dysbiosis is not yet available. The enteric nervous system (ENS) is a separate branch of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and the largest part of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). It is composed of a vast and complex network of neurons which communicate via several neuromodulators and neurotransmitters, like those found in the CNS. Interestingly, despite its tight connections to both the PNS and ANS, the ENS is also capable of some independent activities. This concept, together with the suggested role played by intestinal microorganisms and the metabolome in the onset and progression of CNS neurological (neurodegenerative, autoimmune) and psychopathological (depression, anxiety disorders, autism) diseases, explains the large number of investigations exploring the functional role and the physiopathological implications of the gut microbiota/brain axis.
Keywords: human microbiota; metabolome; immunity; biochemistry; gut/brain axis; neurotransmitters; Enteric Nervous System (ENS); dysbiosis; probiotics; psychobiotics human microbiota; metabolome; immunity; biochemistry; gut/brain axis; neurotransmitters; Enteric Nervous System (ENS); dysbiosis; probiotics; psychobiotics

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MDPI and ACS Style

Montagnani, M.; Bottalico, L.; Potenza, M.A.; Charitos, I.A.; Topi, S.; Colella, M.; Santacroce, L. The Crosstalk between Gut Microbiota and Nervous System: A Bidirectional Interaction between Microorganisms and Metabolome. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 10322. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241210322

AMA Style

Montagnani M, Bottalico L, Potenza MA, Charitos IA, Topi S, Colella M, Santacroce L. The Crosstalk between Gut Microbiota and Nervous System: A Bidirectional Interaction between Microorganisms and Metabolome. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(12):10322. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241210322

Chicago/Turabian Style

Montagnani, Monica, Lucrezia Bottalico, Maria Assunta Potenza, Ioannis Alexandros Charitos, Skender Topi, Marica Colella, and Luigi Santacroce. 2023. "The Crosstalk between Gut Microbiota and Nervous System: A Bidirectional Interaction between Microorganisms and Metabolome" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 12: 10322. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241210322

APA Style

Montagnani, M., Bottalico, L., Potenza, M. A., Charitos, I. A., Topi, S., Colella, M., & Santacroce, L. (2023). The Crosstalk between Gut Microbiota and Nervous System: A Bidirectional Interaction between Microorganisms and Metabolome. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(12), 10322. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241210322

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