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Review

MicroRNA Biomarkers as Promising Tools for Early Colorectal Cancer Screening—A Comprehensive Review

by
Daniela A. R. Santos
1,2,
Cristiana Gaiteiro
1,
Marlene Santos
2,3,4,
Lúcio Santos
1,5,
Mário Dinis-Ribeiro
6,7 and
Luís Lima
1,*
1
Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP), RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
2
School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
3
Centro de Investigação em Saúde e Ambiente (CISA), Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
4
Molecular Oncology & Viral Pathology, IPO-Porto Research Center (CI-IPO), Portuguese Institute of Oncology, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
5
Department of Surgical Oncology, Portuguese Institute of Oncology (IPO-Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
6
Precancerous Lesions and Early Cancer Management Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP), Rise@CI-IPOP (Health Research Group), Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
7
Department of Gastroenterology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(13), 11023; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241311023
Submission received: 9 June 2023 / Revised: 30 June 2023 / Accepted: 30 June 2023 / Published: 3 July 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Precision Medicine in Oncology)
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Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks as the third most prevalent cancer worldwide. Early detection of this neoplasia has proven to improve prognosis, resulting in a 90% increase in survival. However, available CRC screening methods have limitations, requiring the development of new tools. MicroRNA biomarkers have emerged as a powerful screening tool, as they are highly expressed in CRC patients and easily detectable in several biological samples. While microRNAs are extensively studied in blood samples, recent interest has now arisen in other samples, such as stool samples, where they can be combined with existing screening methods. Among the microRNAs described in the literature, microRNA-21-5p and microRNA-92a-3p and their cluster have demonstrated high potential for early CRC screening. Furthermore, the combination of multiple microRNAs has shown improved performance in CRC detection compared to individual microRNAs. This review aims to assess the available data in the literature on microRNAs as promising biomarkers for early CRC screening, explore their advantages and disadvantages, and discuss the optimal study characteristics for analyzing these biomarkers.
Keywords: microRNA; colorectal cancer; biomarker; screening; early detection microRNA; colorectal cancer; biomarker; screening; early detection

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MDPI and ACS Style

Santos, D.A.R.; Gaiteiro, C.; Santos, M.; Santos, L.; Dinis-Ribeiro, M.; Lima, L. MicroRNA Biomarkers as Promising Tools for Early Colorectal Cancer Screening—A Comprehensive Review. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 11023. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241311023

AMA Style

Santos DAR, Gaiteiro C, Santos M, Santos L, Dinis-Ribeiro M, Lima L. MicroRNA Biomarkers as Promising Tools for Early Colorectal Cancer Screening—A Comprehensive Review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(13):11023. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241311023

Chicago/Turabian Style

Santos, Daniela A. R., Cristiana Gaiteiro, Marlene Santos, Lúcio Santos, Mário Dinis-Ribeiro, and Luís Lima. 2023. "MicroRNA Biomarkers as Promising Tools for Early Colorectal Cancer Screening—A Comprehensive Review" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 13: 11023. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241311023

APA Style

Santos, D. A. R., Gaiteiro, C., Santos, M., Santos, L., Dinis-Ribeiro, M., & Lima, L. (2023). MicroRNA Biomarkers as Promising Tools for Early Colorectal Cancer Screening—A Comprehensive Review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(13), 11023. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241311023

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