BASIDIN as a New Protein Effector of the Phytopathogen Causing Witche’s Broom Disease in Cocoa
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. In Silico Selection, Expression, and Purification of the Recombinant Effector Candidate
2.2. Bioassay with rBASIDIN on Tomato Leaves
2.3. H2O2 Production and Electrolyte Leakage of Tomato Leaves Sprayed with rBASIDIN
2.4. The Influence of rBASIDIN on Gas Exchange
2.5. Circular Dichroism (CD) Analysis
2.6. Sensitivity Test of T. cacao to Recombinant Protein rBASIDIN
2.7. Evolutionary Origin and Expression of the Effector Candidate BASIDIN
3. Discussion
3.1. Biochemical Characterization and Selection of BASIDIN
3.2. BASIDIN Induces Wilting, Curling, and Necrosis Symptoms in Tomato Leaves
3.3. BASIDIN Causes Damage to Leaf Membranes and Induces Oxidative Stress in Tomato Plants
3.4. BASIDIN Causes Photosynthetic Inhibition of the Plants
3.5. BASIDIN Is Thermostable and Rich in β-Sheets
3.6. rBASIDINA Induced Symptoms in Cacao
3.7. BASIDIN Is a New Basidiomycete-Specific Effector Protein
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Selection of BASIDIN
4.2. Expression of BASIDIN in Escherichia coli
4.3. Bioassay with Tomato Leaves (Micro-Tom)
4.4. Application of rBASIDIN on Theobroma cacao Leaves
4.5. H2O2Accumulation Test
4.6. Electrolyte Extravasation
4.7. Gas Exchange
4.8. Circular Dichroism (CD) Analysis
4.9. Phylogenetic Analyses
4.10. Analysis of the Transcripts
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Farias, K.S.; Ferreira, M.M.; Amaral, G.V.; Zugaib, M.; Santos, A.S.; Gomes, F.P.; Rezende, R.P.; Gramacho, K.P.; Aguiar, E.R.G.R.; Pirovani, C.P. BASIDIN as a New Protein Effector of the Phytopathogen Causing Witche’s Broom Disease in Cocoa. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 11714. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241411714
Farias KS, Ferreira MM, Amaral GV, Zugaib M, Santos AS, Gomes FP, Rezende RP, Gramacho KP, Aguiar ERGR, Pirovani CP. BASIDIN as a New Protein Effector of the Phytopathogen Causing Witche’s Broom Disease in Cocoa. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(14):11714. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241411714
Chicago/Turabian StyleFarias, Keilane Silva, Monaliza Macêdo Ferreira, Geiseane Veloso Amaral, Maria Zugaib, Ariana Silva Santos, Fábio Pinto Gomes, Rachel Passos Rezende, Karina Peres Gramacho, Eric Roberto Guimarães Rocha Aguiar, and Carlos Priminho Pirovani. 2023. "BASIDIN as a New Protein Effector of the Phytopathogen Causing Witche’s Broom Disease in Cocoa" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 14: 11714. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241411714