Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and Roflumilast Involvement in IPF Progression
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. PGE2 in Combination with Roflumilast Inhibits IPF-CMs’ Pro-Fibrotic Effects on N-HLFs
2.2. Slow-Progressing IPF Patients Were More Exposed to NSAIDs
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. IPF-CM Model
4.2. Aggregate Size Measurement
4.3. Real-Time Quantitative PCR
4.4. Cell Migration
4.5. Cell Death
4.6. Western Blot
4.7. Electronic Record Retrospective Study Population
4.8. Data Collection
4.9. Statistical Analysis
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | Slow Progression N = 62 | Rapid Progression N = 45 | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 65.7 ± 12.3 | 66.3 ± 10.3 | 0.39 |
Gender (% male) | 56% | 67% | 0.02 |
Smoking history | 77% | 78% | 0.79 |
Cardiovascular disease | 27% | 24% | 0.41 |
Renal failure | 2% | 9% | <0.001 |
Malignancy | 25% | 0 | <0.001 |
Mortality | 19% | 54% | <0.001 |
Parameter | Slow Progression N = 62 | Rapid Progression N = 45 | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
FVC, L | 2.34 ± 0.82 | 1.85 ± 0.75 | 0.002 |
FVC, % predicted | 77.51 ± 21 | 59.46 ± 17.9 | 0.001 |
FRC PL % predicted | 79.24 ± 20.1 | 62.6 ± 15.4 | <0.001 |
FRC, L | 2.46 ± 0.66 | 1.98 ± 0.57 | 0.001 |
TLC, L | 4.16 ± 1.11 | 3.22 ± 0.88 | <0.001 |
TLC, % predicted | 72.63 ± 16.6 | 57.23 ± 11.5 | <0.001 |
DLCO, % predicted | 54.51 ± 15 | 42.27 ± 13.2 | <0.001 |
6 min walk test | |||
SAT rest, % | 96.5 ± 2 | 95.13 ± 2.3 | 0.017 |
SAT exercise, % | 90.90 ± 5.3 | 86.17 ± 4.8 | 0.001 |
HR rest | 78.31 ± 10.3 | 78.08 ± 12.6 | 0.940 |
HR exercise | 110.2 ± 18 | 107.6 ± 20 | 0.619 |
Distance, m | 384.4 ± 150.4 | 307 ± 153.9 | 0.053 |
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Moshkovitz, N.; Epstein Shochet, G.; Shitrit, D. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and Roflumilast Involvement in IPF Progression. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 12393. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241512393
Moshkovitz N, Epstein Shochet G, Shitrit D. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and Roflumilast Involvement in IPF Progression. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(15):12393. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241512393
Chicago/Turabian StyleMoshkovitz, Noa, Gali Epstein Shochet, and David Shitrit. 2023. "Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and Roflumilast Involvement in IPF Progression" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 15: 12393. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241512393