Activation of G-Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor 1 (GPER1) Reduces Progression of Vulvar Carcinoma Cells
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Correlation of GPER1 Expression and Grade of Malignancy within a Tissue Microarray of Vulvar Neoplasia
2.2. Detection of GPER1 in Vulvar Carcinoma Cells in Cytoplasm and Nucleus
2.3. G1 Acts through GPER1 in Vulvar Carcinoma Cells
2.4. No Impact of GPER1 Agonist G1 and Antagonist G36 Treatment on Expression of Estrogen Receptors in Vulvar Carcinoma Cells
2.5. Reduced Proliferation and Viability after Treatment with GPER1 Agonist G1
2.6. Signs of Necrosis after Treatment with GPER1 Agonist G1
2.7. Effects of GPER1 Agonist G1 and Antagonist G36 on Migration of Vulvar Carcinoma Cells
2.8. Effects of GPER1 Agonist G1 and Antagonist G36 on Colony Formation and Sphere Formation
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Cell Culture
4.2. Drugs
4.3. Proliferation
4.4. Viability
4.5. Cell Morphology
4.6. Gap Closure
4.7. Colony Formation
4.8. Tumor Sphere Formation
4.9. Tissue Microarray
4.10. Immune Cytology
4.11. Western Blot
4.12. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Loris, J.; Hanesch, L.; Bauerschmitz, G.; Gallwas, J.; Gründker, C. Activation of G-Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor 1 (GPER1) Reduces Progression of Vulvar Carcinoma Cells. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 13705. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241813705
Loris J, Hanesch L, Bauerschmitz G, Gallwas J, Gründker C. Activation of G-Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor 1 (GPER1) Reduces Progression of Vulvar Carcinoma Cells. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(18):13705. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241813705
Chicago/Turabian StyleLoris, Johanna, Lena Hanesch, Gerd Bauerschmitz, Julia Gallwas, and Carsten Gründker. 2023. "Activation of G-Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor 1 (GPER1) Reduces Progression of Vulvar Carcinoma Cells" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 18: 13705. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241813705