Role of Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes and microRNAs in Spinal Cord Injury
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Epidemiology of SCI
3. Pathophysiology of SCI
4. Current Treatments of SCI
5. Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs)
6. MSCs in SCI
7. Exosomes and Exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs)
8. Effects of Exosomes in SCI
9. Effects of miRNAs in SCI
10. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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miRNA | Model | Mechanism | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|
miR-126 | Rat, Contusion model, Intrathecal injection | VEGF, SPRED1, PIK3R2 | [148] |
Rat, Contusion model, Intraperitoneal injection | ERK, AKT | [115] | |
miR-133b | Rat, Hemorrhage model, Intravenous injection | RhoA, ERK1/2, CREB | [155] |
Rat, Compression model, Intravenous injection | ERK1/2, STAT3, CRE | [170] | |
miR-146b | Rat, Tumor implantation model, Intratumoral injection | EGFR | [156] |
miR-25 | Rat, Ischemia model, Intrathecal injection | NOX2, NOX4 | [16] |
miR-19b | Rat, Contusion model, Intravenous injection | PTEN | [158] |
miR-21 | Rat, Contusion model, Intravenous injection | PTEN, PDCD4 | [157] |
miR-29b | Rat, Contusion model, Intravenous injection | NF200, GAP-43, GFAP | [159] |
Rat, Contusion model, Intravenous injection | PTEN, Caspase-3 | [160] | |
miR-124-3p | Rat, Ischemia model, Intravenous injection | Ern1, Arg1, Ym1, Fizz | [141] |
Mouse, Contusion model, Intravenous injection | MYH9, PI3K, AKT, NF-κB | [161] | |
miR-125 | Rat, Contusion model, Intrathecal injection | IRF5, Arg1, Ym1, Fizz | [143] |
miR-145-5p | Rat, Transection model, Intravenous injection | TLR, NF-κB | [165] |
miR-26a | Rat, Contusion model, Intravenous injection | PTEN, mTOR | [166] |
miR-199a-3p | Rat, Contusion model, Intravenous injection | NGF/TrkA | [167] |
MiR-124 | Mouse, Transection model, Intrathecal injection | Neat1, Wnt/β-catenin | [168] |
miR-615 | Rat, Transection model, Subdural injection | LINGO-1, RhoA, EGFR | [169] |
miR-219-a-2-3p | Rat, Contusion model, Intravenous injection | YY1, NF-κB | [171] |
miR-216-5p | Mouse, Contusion model, Intravenous injection | TLR4/NF-κB/PI3K/AKT | [163] |
miR-388-5p | Rat, Contusion model, Intravenous injection | cAMP, PI3K/Akt | [172] |
miR-544 | Rat, Contusion model, Intravenous injection | IL-1α, TNF-α, IL-17B, IL-36β | [173] |
Effect/Function | miRNAs | Refs. |
---|---|---|
Neurogenesis | miR-126, miR-133b, miR-19b, miR-21, miR-216-5p, miR-544, miR-124, miR-615, miR-26a | [115,148,155,157,158,163,166,168,169,170,173] |
Neuroprotection | miR-124-3p, miR-125 | [141,143,161] |
Apoptosis | miR-126, miR-133b, miR-19b, miR-21, miR-25, miR-124-3p, miR-199a-3p | [16,115,141,148,155,157,158,161,167,170] |
Neuroinflammation | miR-126, miR-219-a-2-3p, miR-544, miR-145-5p | [115,148,165,171,173] |
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Hwang, J.; Jang, S.; Kim, C.; Lee, S.; Jeong, H.-S. Role of Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes and microRNAs in Spinal Cord Injury. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 13849. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241813849
Hwang J, Jang S, Kim C, Lee S, Jeong H-S. Role of Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes and microRNAs in Spinal Cord Injury. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(18):13849. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241813849
Chicago/Turabian StyleHwang, Jinsu, Sujeong Jang, Choonghyo Kim, Sungjoon Lee, and Han-Seong Jeong. 2023. "Role of Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes and microRNAs in Spinal Cord Injury" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 18: 13849. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241813849