Playing with Biophysics: How a Symphony of Different Electromagnetic Fields Acts to Reduce the Inflammation in Diabetic Derived Cells
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Safety Following Insternational Standard Indication
2.2. ROS Production
2.3. Macrophage Polarization
2.4. Anti-Inflammatory Markers
2.5. Extracellular Matrix
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Patients Recruitment and Samples Collection
4.2. Cell Isolation and Characterization
4.3. Treatment
4.4. In Vitro Cytotoxicity Test
4.5. Hemolysis Assay
4.6. Ames Test
4.7. Karyotype Analysis
4.8. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
4.9. RNA Extraction and Real-Time PCR Array
4.10. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Measurements
4.11. Statistics
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample | OD | Hemolysis Index | Results |
---|---|---|---|
Positive control | 0.834 +/− 0.011 | 100% | Hemolytic |
Negative control | 0.0103 +/− 0.023 | 0% | Non Hemolitic |
CMF treatment | 0.0142 +/− 0.018 | 0.031% | Non Hemolitic |
No treatment | 0.0131 +/− 0.022 | 0.045% | Non Hemolitic |
STDisc™ TA1535 | STDisc™ TA1537 | STDisc™ TA98 | STDisc™ TA100 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sample | Revertant Colonies | Mutagenic | Revertant Colonies | Mutagenic | Revertant Colonies | Mutagenic | Revertant Colonies | Mutagenic |
Blank | 4 ± 3 | no | 5 ± 3 | no | 4 ± 2 | no | 5 ± 2 | no |
Negative control | 3 ± 2 | no | 3 ± 2 | no | 3± 2 | no | 2 ± 2 | no |
Positive control: ICR191 | 947 ± 85 | yes | 973 ± 66 | yes | 971 ± 79 | yes | 965 ± 69 | yes |
Positive control: Sodium Azide | 853 ± 51 | yes | 876 ± 52 | yes | 893 ± 59 | yes | 879 ± 64 | yes |
CMF treatment | 3 ± 2 | no | 2 ± 2 | no | 3 ± 2 | no | 3 ± 2 | no |
No treatment | 3 ± 1 | no | 3 ± 2 | no | 2 ± 2 | no | 5 ± 2 | no |
Mechanism of Action of Program: Wound Healing | ||
---|---|---|
Program Step | Target | Bibliography |
1 | Anti-inflammatory | [63,64,65] |
2 | Normalization Intracellular cell communication | [66,67,68] |
3 | Antibacterial and anti fungal | [69,70,71,72,73] |
4 | ROS modulation | [74,75,76] |
5 | Normalization Intracellular cell communication | [66,67,68] |
6 | Vascularization and tissue engineering regeneration | [77,78,79] |
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Zanotti, F.; Trentini, M.; Zanolla, I.; Tiengo, E.; Mantarro, C.; Dalla Paola, L.; Tremoli, E.; Sambataro, M.; Sambado, L.; Picari, M.; et al. Playing with Biophysics: How a Symphony of Different Electromagnetic Fields Acts to Reduce the Inflammation in Diabetic Derived Cells. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 1754. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24021754
Zanotti F, Trentini M, Zanolla I, Tiengo E, Mantarro C, Dalla Paola L, Tremoli E, Sambataro M, Sambado L, Picari M, et al. Playing with Biophysics: How a Symphony of Different Electromagnetic Fields Acts to Reduce the Inflammation in Diabetic Derived Cells. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(2):1754. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24021754
Chicago/Turabian StyleZanotti, Federica, Martina Trentini, Ilaria Zanolla, Elena Tiengo, Chiara Mantarro, Luca Dalla Paola, Elena Tremoli, Maria Sambataro, Luisa Sambado, Massimo Picari, and et al. 2023. "Playing with Biophysics: How a Symphony of Different Electromagnetic Fields Acts to Reduce the Inflammation in Diabetic Derived Cells" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 2: 1754. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24021754